The Periodic Table Ch. 6

1
The Periodic TableCh. 6
2
Why is the Periodic Table so important to
chemists?
3
Three Classes of Elements
4
Groups

• Elements in the same group have similar chemical
  and physical properties

• Why??

5
Families

• Columns are also grouped into families
• Families may be one column or several
• Families have names rather than numbers

6
Hydrogen

• A family of its own
• Diatomic
• Reactive gas

7
Alkali Metals

• Group 1A (No hydrogen)
• Very reactive metals
• Always combined with something else in nature
• Soft metals

8
Alkaline Earth Metals

• Group 2A
• Reactive metals
• Always combined
• with nonmetals in nature
• Some are important mineral nutrients (Mg and Ca)

9
Transition Metals

• d-Block elements
• Less reactive harder metals
• Includes metals used in jewelry and construction
• Cannot easily predict valence e-

10
Carbon Family

• Elements in group 4A
• Branch of chemistry based on Carbon
• Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors

11
Halogens

• Group 7A
• Reactive
• Volatile
• Diatomic (F2,Cl2,Br2,I2)
• Nonmetals
• Always found combined with other elements in
  nature

12
The Noble Gases

• Group 8A
• Unreactive gases (Inert)
• Have a full valence shell

13
Inner Transition Metals

• -Have f orbitals that contain electrons
• -Used to be called rare-earth elements
• -More abundant than other metals

14
Representative Elements

• Groups 1A 7A