Using the Periodic Table

1
Using the Periodic Table

• The boxes that make up the periodic table contain
  a significant amount of information. To
  understand this information, it is necessary to
  refer to the periodic tables key(s)

8 O Oxygen 15.999
Atomic Number (Number of protons)
Element Symbol (Written with a capital letter or
a capital followed by a lower case if two letters
)
Element Name
Atomic Mass (Rounded to a whole number, equals
the number of protons and neutrons)
Class Color
Metal
Non-Metal
Metalloid
State (_at_ Room Temp.) Symbol Color
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What is Oxygens physical state of matter?
Which class does Oxygen fall into?
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The Periodic Table of Elements

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Element

• A pure substance made up of one kind of atom that
  cannot be broken down into simpler substances by
  physical or chemical means
• 90 occur naturally on earth
• 25 were synthesized (made) by scientists

Element Song
http//www.privatehand.com/flash/elements.html
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Important Features of the Periodic Table Group
(Family)

• each column of elements on the periodic table

How many groups (families) are on the Periodic
Table Of Elements?
FROM TOP TO BOTTOM OR BOTTOM TO THE TOP
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Important Features of the Periodic TablePeriod
(Row)

• each horizontal row of elements on the periodic
  table

How many periods (rows) are on the Periodic
Table Of Elements?
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT OR RIGHT TO LEFT
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Period (Row) Properties

• Seven periods on a periodic table (numbered from
  the top down)
• Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase as you
  move from the left to the right in a period
• All atoms of the elements in the same period have
  the same number of orbitals/levels
• All atoms of the elements in a specific period
  have that respective number of orbitals/levels
• Example
• Period 1 1 orbital (energy level)
• Period 2 2 orbitals
• Period 3 3 orbitals
• Etc

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Examples of Period (Row) elements having the same
number of orbitals/levels in their atoms
In what period (row) do you think these atoms
reside?
In what period (row) do you think these atoms
reside?
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Group (Family) Properties

• Eighteen groups on the periodic table (numbered
  from left to right)
• Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase as you
  move from the top down in a group (family)
• Atoms of elements in the same group have the same
  number of electrons in the outer orbitals/levels
  of their atoms (known as valence electrons)
• Exceptions
• Transition elements (3-12)
• Hydrogen (could be 1 or 17)
• Helium (actually has 2 valence electrons)
• Elements in groups usually have similar physical
  and chemical properties

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Examples of Group Elements with the same of
valence electrons
How many electrons do each of these atoms have in
their outer orbital/level?
What group (family) do these elements reside in?
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Group (Family) Names
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Noble Gases
Boron Group
Nitrogen Group
Carbon Group
Oxygen Group
Halogens
Transition Metals
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Identify the Element
Period 2 Group 14 ?
Carbon - C
Period 5 Group 2 ?
Strontium - Sr
Group 17 Period 6 ?
Astatine - At
Group 4 Period 7 ?
Rutherfordium - Rf