The Holocaust

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The Holocaust
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What is the Holocaust?

• "Holocaust" is a word of Greek origin meaning
  "sacrifice by fire."
• The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic,
  state-sponsored persecution and murder of
  approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime
  and its collaborators

• Groups targeted b/c of racial inferiority
• Jews
• Gypsies
• Handicapped People
• Slavs
• Poles, Russians, and others
• Political Behavioral Reasons
• Communists
• Socialists
• Jehovah's Witnesses
• Homosexuals

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Names to Know

• Adolf Hitler
• Leader of Germany
• Heinrich Himmler
• Head of SS
• 2nd in command to Hitler
• Joseph Goebbels
• 3rd in command
• Reich Propaganda Director

• Adolf Eichmann
• SS Lieutenant Colonel
• implemented the system of transporting prisoners
• Rudolf Hess
• Reichsminister
• in charge of Hitler's day-to-day schedule

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Himmler
Hitler
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Eichmann
Goebbels
Hess
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More Names

• Hermann Goring
• commander in chief of the Luftwaffe
• Lost power to Albert Speer and Goebbels
• Albert Speer
• one of Hitler's top aids
• Believed to have prolonged war allowing killing
  of more Jews

• Reinhard Heydrich
• key member of the group that came together to
  discuss the final solution of Jews in 1942
• was bombed, shot, and killed by two Czech
  citizens

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Speer
Heydrich
Goring
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NUMBERS

• 1933 Jewish Population of Europe
• Over 9 million prior to WWII
• By 1950 3.5 million
• By 1945 nearly 2 out of 3 Jews murdered

• Nearly 200,000 mentally physically disabled
  people

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Taking away Jewish rights

• 1933
• begin boycotting Jewish businesses
• Prohibit Jews from owning land
• 1937
• Banned from participating in certain occupations

• 1938
• Jews forced to register all of their property
• Why?
• So Germans can take it!
• Women forced to add Sarah and men Israel to
  their names

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Kristallnacht

• Night of Broken Glass
• November 9 10 1938
• Gangs of Nazi youth roam through Jewish
  neighborhoods breaking windows, burning
  synagogues, and looting

• Jews attacked and beaten rounded up and sent to
  camps

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Burned out synagogue
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Events of 1939

• Jews forced to hand over property
• Nazis begin euthanasia on sick and disabled in
  Germany
• Yellow stars worn by Jews over age 10

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Events of 1941

• Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing units) begin
  killing undesirables
• The first test use of Zyklon-B gas at Auschwitz.

• Himmler summons Auschwitz Kommandant Höss to
  Berlin and tells him, "The Führer has ordered the
  Final Solution of the Jewish question. We, the
  SS, have to carry out this order...I have
  therefore chosen Auschwitz for this purpose."

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Types of Camps

• Labor
• Forced the inhabitants to work
• Death/Extermination
• End result to kill the inhabitants

• Prison
• Holding the inhabitants for a prolonged period of
  time
• Transit
• Inhabitants only there temporarily as they are
  being moved from one location to another

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List of Death Camps

• Auschwitz-Birkenau
• Located in present day Poland
• Belzec
• Located in present day Poland
• Majdanek
• Current day Poland
• Maly Trostenets
• Current day Belarus

• Chelmno
• Present day Poland
• Jasenovac
• Current day Croatia
• Lwów, Janowska Street
• Current day Ukraine
• Sobibór
• Poland
• Treblinka
• Poland
• Warsaw
• Poland

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Gas chambers

• Gas chambers
• Victims brought in by train
• 1st few believed they were leaving the country
• Told to strip naked
• Ripped their gold teeth out
• Shaved womens heads

• Told they needed to shower
• All crowded into the showers
• Gas came out of showerskilling the victims

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Cremation

• Victims died elsewhere
• Taken to the ovens to burn their bodies
• German citizens claimed to have no knowledge of
  this taking placedespite the horrendous smell

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View of the wooden shed containing the old
crematory ovens
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Dr Josef Mengele

• SS Doctor
• Performed medical experiments
• Often killed his patients and dissected their
  bodies

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Results
Death Toll of the Jewish People Death Toll of the Jewish People Death Toll of the Jewish People
Country/Region Low Estimate High Estimate
Germany (1938 Borders) 125,000 130,000
Austria 580,000 65,000
Belgium Luxembourg 24,700 29,000
Bulgaria 0 7,000
Czechoslovakia 245,000 277,000
France 64,000 83,000
Greece 58,000 65,000
Hungary Ukraine 300,000 402,000
Italy 7,500 8,000
Netherlands 101,800 106,000
Norway 677 760
Poland USSR 3,700,000 4,565,000
Romania 40,000 220,000
Yugoslavia 54,000 60,000
TOTAL 4,778,677 6,017,760
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Imagessit quietly and observe
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Human remains found at Dachau