Chapter 16 Energy Sources

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Chapter 16 Energy Sources

• 16.1 Notes Fossil fuels

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Objectives

• Discuss properties and uses of fossil fuels.
• Explain how fossil fuels are formed.
• Describe how the chemical energy in fossil fuels
  is converted into electrical energy.
• Describe the advantages and disadvantages of
  using fossil fuel energy to produce electricity.

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Law of Conservation of Energy

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed
• Can only be transformed from one form into another

• Transformed into useful function chemical
  energy is transformed into thermal to heat your
  home
• Transformed into non-useful function power
  lines lose chemical energy as thermal as the
  power travels through the line

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Energy in the USA
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Fossil Fuels

• Form from decaying remains of ancient plants and
  animals
• Burning fossil fuels converts energy from
  chemical bonds to heat and light
• Chemical energy in fossil fuels is more
  concentrated than in other fuels such as wood

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Petroleum

• Highly flammable liquid formed from decaying
  ancient organisms
• Mixture of thousands of chemical compounds
• Hydrocarbons hydrogen carbon (organic
  material)

• Fractional distillation is used to separate
  the compounds in petroleum

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Petroleum

• Not just used for energy
• Also used in
• Plastic
• Synthetic fabrics
• Grease
• Motor oil
• Asphalt

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Natural gas

• Product of decaying ancient organisms
• Contains more energy per kilogram than petroleum
  or coal
• Burns more cleanly than other fossil fuels
• Provided about ¼ of the energy consumed in the US

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Coal

• Solid fossil fuel found underground
• Produces more pollution when burned than
  petroleum or natural gas

• Provides about ¼ of the energy produced in the
  US
• About 90 of coal burned in the US is used to
  produce electricity

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Electricity

• Generated when fossil fuels are burned
• Releases thermal energy

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Electricity

• Produces high pressure steam
• Steam spins a turbine
• Turbine produces electric current
• Electric current is transmitted through power
  lines to consumers

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• Only about 35 of the energy in fossil fuels
  reaches consumers since some energy is lost in
  every stage of the process

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Undesirables

• Fossil fuels pollute the environment and increase
  carbon monoxide in the atmosphere
• Mining coal can cause health problems for miners

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• Nonrenewable resource
• Important not to waste energy

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In-Class Assignment/Homework

• I Used to Thinkbut Now I Know
• I will explain
• 16.1 WKT

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Fossil Fuels

• I Used to Think
• but Now I Know

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