RUSSIA: WORLD

1
RUSSIAWORLDS FIRSTCOMMUNIST STATE
2
LENIN

• 1917 1924
• Promises peace, bread, land
• Pulls devastated Russia out of WWI with Treaty of
  Brest-Litovsk
• Nationalizes (puts under ownership and control of
  state) land and industry
• Soviets councils are set up to govern nation

3
LENIN
4
CIVIL WAR 1918-1921

• Reds communists
• Whites counterrevolutionaries loyal to czar
• U.S. Britain, France support Whites
• Reds win, take control

5
(No Transcript)
6
NEW ECONOMIC POLICY (NEP)

• After chaos of WWI, Civil War and war communism,
  Lenin uses NEP to rebuild nation
• Private control of land, business, production
  allowed (capitalism)
• More freedom in arts and literature
• BUT. Government still owned big industry and
  banks

7
U.S.S.R.

• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics formed in
  1922

8
(No Transcript)
9
STALIN (Man of Steel) 1924-1953
10
CHIEF GOAL

• To make U.S.S.R. into a modern, industrial power,
  with all production under government control

11
PLAN

• Create a command (planned) economy using 5 year
  plans, emphasis on heavy industry, war materials

12
RESULT

• Consumer goods neglected, needs of state come
  first
• By 1953, nation is modern industrialized

13
PLAN FOR AGRICULTURE

• Also under government control
• Peasants forced to give up farms to join
  collective farms

14
RESULTS

• Millions who oppose policy were killed or sent to
  prison camps in Siberia
• Opposition strong in Ukraine where wealthiest
  peasants (kulaks) lived
• Stalin seized all food supplies of people who
  opposed plan and millions starve to death,
  Ukrainian Terror Famine
• Standard of living drops for most

15
(No Transcript)
16
LIFE IN A TOTALITARIAN STATE

• Stalin ruled as a dictator with unlimited power
• Secret police and purges used to clean out
  disloyal communist party members
• Censorship, propaganda, KGB
• Religion and arts controlled, socialist realism
• Execution, imprisonment (gulag archipelago),
  exile for millions

17
(No Transcript)
18
STALINS LEGACY

• One party, totalitarian dictatorship regulates
  every aspect of citizens lives
• Communist ideology replaces religion
• Communist party members the new elite
• State provided free medical care, daycare,
  inexpensive housing, but still shortages
• Women equal under law

19
BY 1953

• Soviet Union is a superpower and leader in
  industry
• But, people pay a heavy price under ruthless,
  brutal leadership
• Responsible for as many as 20 million deaths