RUSSIA: WORLD

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RUSSIAWORLDS FIRSTCOMMUNIST STATE
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Russian Revolution

• read pages 280-284 and complete an outline

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Russian Revolution 1917Peace, Land and
BreadLenin, Trotsky and Bolsheviks

• CAUSESRomanov Dynasty
• Absolutism
• Hardships of WW I
• Hunger/unrest
• Need for land reform
• Marxist ideas
• Anger at Czar and Czarina Rasputins influence

• EFFECTSProvisional govt. set up and overthrown
  by Lenin
• Execution of Czar and family
• Russia withdraws from WW I and signs Treaty of
  Brest-Litovsk
• 1st Communist nation
• USSR
• Command economy government owns means of
  production and distribution

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LENIN

• 1917 1924
• Promises peace, bread, land
• Pulls devastated Russia out of WWI with Treaty of
  Brest-Litovsk
• Nationalizes (puts under ownership and control of
  state) land and industry
• Soviets councils are set up to govern nation

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LENIN
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CIVIL WAR 1918-1921

• Reds communists
• Whites counterrevolutionaries loyal to czar
• U.S. Britain, France support Whites
• Reds win, take control

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NEW ECONOMIC POLICY (NEP)

• After chaos of WWI, Civil War and war communism,
  Lenin uses NEP to rebuild nation
• Private control of land, business, production
  allowed (capitalism)
• More freedom in arts and lit.

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U.S.S.R.

• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics formed in
  1922

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STALIN (Man of Steel) 1924-1953
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CHIEF GOAL

• To make U.S.S.R. into a modern, industrial power,
  with all production under government control

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PLAN

• Create a command (planned) economy using 5 year
  plans, emphasis on heavy industry, war materials

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RESULT

• Consumer goods neglected, needs of state come
  first
• By 1953, nation is modern industrialized

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PLAN FOR AGRICULTURE

• Also under government control
• Peasants forced to give up farms to join
  collective farms

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RESULTS

• Millions who oppose policy were killed or sent to
  prison camps in Siberia
• Opposition strong in Ukraine where wealthiest
  peasants (kulaks) lived
• Stalin seized all food supplies of people who
  opposed plan and millions starve to death,
  Ukrainian Terror Famine
• Standard of living drops for most

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LIFE IN A TOTALITARIAN STATE

• Stalin ruled as a dictator with unlimited power
• Secret police and purges used to clean out
  disloyal communist party members
• Censorship, propaganda, KGB
• Religion and arts controlled, socialist realism
• Execution, imprisonment (gulag archipelago),
  exile for millions

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STALINS LEGACY

• One party, totalitarian dictatorship regulates
  every aspect of citizens lives
• Communist ideology replaces religion
• Communist party members the new elite
• State provided free medical care, daycare,
  inexpensive housing, but still shortages
• Women equal under law

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BY 1953

• Soviet Union is a superpower and leader in
  industry
• But, people pay a heavy price under ruthless,
  brutal leadership
• Responsible for as many as 20 million deaths