3/26 Focus (per 3):

1

• 3/26 Focus (per 3)
• The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation
  are considered to be turning points in history
  because they led to social, political, and
  economic changes in Europe
• Do Now
• Identify one conflict that developed in Europe as
  a result of the Protestant Reformation

2

• 3/27 Focus
• Protestant reformers challenged the authority of
  the Roman Catholic Church and founded new
  Christian Churches.
• Do Now
• Other than military conflict, what was one other
  impact of the Protestant Reformation on Europe?

3

• Causes
• Humanism led people to question church authority
• Some clergy were corrupt and interested in
  worldly gain
• Martin Luther posted 95 Theses protesting
  indulgences
• The Printing press helped spread Reformation
  ideas

• Effects
• Many new Protestant churches develop
• Catholic Church began reforms
• Religious intolerance and anti-Semitism increase
• Religious conflicts spread across Europe

4

• 3/27 Focus
• During the Scientific Revolution, new ways of
  thinking led to remarkable discoveries which
  changed the way Europeans viewed the world.
• Do Now
• List the steps in the scientific method.

5

• 4/13 Focus
• In the 1500s and 1600s, the Scientific
  Revolution changed the way Europeans looked a the
  world as people began to make conclusions based
  on observation and experimentation.
• Do Now
• What is reasoning?

6
The Scientific Revolution
7
The Scientific Revolution

• Period in the 1500s and 1600s in which
  scientific thinkers challenged traditional ideas
• Relied on observation and experimentation

8
Before the Scientific Revolution

• Geocentric Model of the Universe
• Greco Roman theories and Church taught that the
  Earth was at the center of the universe

9
Before the Scientific Revolution

• The Renaissance and Reformation led many
  scientists to challenge theories and question the
  Church

10
Nicolaus Copernicus

• Polish Scientist that developed the Heliocentric
  Model in the mid 1500s
• Sun centered model
• Use mathematical formulas to suggest that planets
  revolved around the Sun
• Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
• Church rejected this theory
• Unbiblical, Un-Christian, Illogical

11

12
Johannes Kepler

• Used math to show that planets revolve around the
  sun in a elliptical orbit
• Based on the work of astronomer Tycho Brahe
• Mathematically showed Copernicuss ideas were
  correct

13
Galileo Galilei

• Italian astronomer who provided evidence to
  support the heliocentric model
• Constructed the telescope to observe the skies

14
Galileo Galilei

• Galileo's discoveries challenged Church
  teachings
• Church placed him on trial for heresy
• Galileo forced to publically recant his ideas
  under threat of death
• Placed his writings on the list of forbidden books

15
With sincere heart and unpretended faith I
abjure, curse, and detest the aforesaid errors
and heresies of Copernicus and also every other
error . . . contrary to the Holy Church, and I
swear that in the future I will never again say
or assert . . . anything that might cause a
similar suspicion toward me.
16
Isaac Newton

• English scholar influenced by Copernicus and
  Galileo
• Used math to prove the Law of Gravitation
• Force which kept planets in their orbits around
  the sun
• Newtons Three Laws of Gravity

17
The Scientific Method

• Method developed during the 1600s that relied on
  experimentation and observation in scientific
  inquiry

18
The Scientific Method

• Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes played an
  important role in developing the Scientific Method

19
Closure

• What is the Heliocentric Model?
• What was the Churchs reaction to Galileos
  theories?