LOWER%20RESPIRATORY%20TRACT

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LOWERRESPIRATORYTRACT
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LOWER RES. TRACT

• Is the tract that is responsible for gas exchange.

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Secondary Bronchi

• Cartilage block, NOT rings.
• Lots of muscle.

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Tertiary Bronchi

• Continued branching (like a tree)

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Bronchioles

• No cartilage or respiratory epithelium.
• 1 mm in diameter.

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ASTHMA

• Difficulty Breathing, bronchioles get
  constricted.
• Bronchodilator opens up bronchioles.

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NORMAL BRONCHI BRONCHI w/ ASTHMA
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Laser Light Can Detect Potential Diseases Via
Breath Samples
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Alveoli

• Tiny air sacs, about 150 million per lung.
• Destroyed by smoking, DO NOT regenerate!

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Alveoli

• Very THIN in order to maximize gas exchange.

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Alveoli

• If spread out have the surface area of an entire

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Surfactant

• Oily secretion that coats alveoli and keep them
  inflated.

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PLEURAL CAVITIES

• Halves of thoracic cavity, 1 lung in each cavity.

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Pariatal Pleura

• Membrane against ribs and cavity.

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Visceral Pleura

• Membrane around the lungs.
• (Seal between the two has low pressure)

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Pleuritis

• Inflammation of the membranes, which causes
  friction.

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Collapsed Lung

• Lung collapses due to break in the seal, air
  comes in and lungs shrivel up.
• Caused by broken ribs.

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RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
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Pulmonary Ventilation

• Getting air in and out of lungs.

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Muscles

• Mainly the diaphragm.
• External Costals Outside of ribs, breath in.
• Internal costals Between ribs, breath out.

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Costals
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Inspiration

• Inhaling or breathing in, 4 basic steps.

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Inspiration

• 1. Message to breath sent from the medulla
  oblongata to breathing muscles.

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Inspiration

• 2. Muscles Contract.

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Inspiration

• 3. Thoracic cavity gets bigger!

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Inspiration

• 4. Air pushes and/or rushes in and fills the
  lungs.

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Expiration

• Breathing out, consists of 4 basic steps.

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Expiration

• 1. Medulla oblongata stops sending message.

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Expiration

• 2. Muscles relax.

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Expiration

• 3. Thoracic cavity decreases in size, air
  pressure increases.

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Expiration

• Air is pushed out of the lungs.

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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

• AKA CPR
• Restores circulation and ventilation.

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FLEX THE PECS

• Activity time.