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More ethics terminology

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More ethics terminology Labels that help to define ethics-related discussions Created by Brett Oppegaard for Washington State University's DTC 338 Information Ethics ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: More ethics terminology


1
More ethics terminology
Labels that help to define ethics-related
discussions Created by Brett Oppegaard for
Washington State University's DTC 338
Information Ethics class, fall 2008
2
Terms we will want to knowSource Lawrence M.
Hinman, Univ. of San Diego, Ethics A
Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory
  • Absolutism -- The belief that there is one and
    only one truth those who espouse absolutism
    usually also believe that they know what this
    absolute truth is.
  • Descriptive ethical relativism -- Different
    people have different moral beliefs, but it takes
    no stand on whether those beliefs are valid or
    not.
  • Normative ethical relativism -- Each cultures
    (or groups) beliefs are right within that
    culture, and that it is impossible to validly
    judge another cultures values from the outside.
  • Subjectivism -- An extreme version of
    relativism, which maintains that each persons
    beliefs are relative to that person alone and
    cannot be judged from the outside by any other
    person.
  • Utilitarianism -- What is morally right is
    whatever produces the greatest overall amount of
    pleasure (hedonistic utilitarianism) or happiness
    (eudaimonistic utilitarianism).

3
Terms we will want to knowSource Lawrence M.
Hinman, Univ. of San Diego, Ethics A
Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory
  • Divine Command Theory -- Any position in ethics
    which claims that the rightness or wrongness of
    actions depends on whether they correspond to
    Gods commands or not.
  • Emotivism -- A philosophical theory which holds
    that moral judgements are simply expressions of
    positive or negative feelings.
  • Psychologism egoism -- The doctrine that all
    human motivation is ultimately selfish or
    egoistic.
  • Universal ethical egoism -- States that each
    person ought to act in his or her own
    self-interest.
  • Moral Isolationism -- The view that we ought
    not to be morally concerned with, or involved
    with, people outside of our own immediate group.

4
Terms we will want to knowSource Lawrence M.
Hinman, Univ. of San Diego, Ethics A
Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory
  • Consequentialism -- Any position in ethics
    which claims that the rightness or wrongness of
    actions depends on their consequences.
  • Moral Luck -- The phenomenon that the moral
    goodness or badness of some of our actions
    depends simply on chance.
  • Particularity -- Refers to specific attachments
    (friendships, loyalties, etc.) and desires
    (fundamental projects, personal hopes in life)
    that are usually seen as morally irrelevant to
    the rational moral self.
  • Deontology -- Any position in ethics which
    claims that the rightness or wrongness of actions
    depends on whether they correspond to our duty or
    not. The word derives from the Greek word for
    duty, deon.
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