Chapter 12 Notes

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Chapter 12 Notes

• Manifest Destiny
• 1818-1853

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The Oregon Country

• Rivalry in the Northwest
• 1) Area between Pacific Ocean Rocky
  Mountains (north of California)
• 2) 4 Nations claim it U.S., Spain, Great
  Britain, Russia
• A. Adams-Onis Treaty
• 1) Spanish only claim to N. border of
  California
• 2) British U.S. agree to joint occupation of
  Oregon Country
• B. Mountain Men
• 1) First Americans in Oregon were fur traders
• 2) Most spent time in Rocky Mtns. Trapping
  beavers
• 3) Robert Stuart Jedediah Smith found South
  Pass that later became main route to Oregon

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Jedediah Smiths Explorations to the West
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• Oregon Manifest Destiny
• Many Americans believed God gave entire
  continent to us wanted us to settle the west
• A. The Oregon Trail
• 1) Early 1840s Oregon Fever hit
• 2) Wanted to escape the hard times of the
  Panic of 1837 for fertile land in Oregon
• B. Manifest Destiny
• 1) Many Americans felt we needed to spread our
  freedom democracy across entire continent
• 2) John OSullivan (N.Y. newspaper editor)
  credited with the phrase Manifest Destiny
• 3) Destined set apart by God to expand to
  Pacific Ocean
• 4) 1846 British U.S. compromise set
  Oregon boundary line at 49 degrees lat.

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Independence for Texas

• A Clash of Cultures
• 1) Disagreement between U.S. Spain was
  present day TX part of Louisiana Purchase?
• A. Land Grants
• 1) Large areas of land were given away for
  settlement in TX
• 2) Stephen F. Austin led this settlement in
  1821
• 3) To receive this land, settlers had to agree
  to learn Spanish, convert to Catholic religion,
  obey Mexican law
• B. Growing Tensions
• 1) 1830- most settlers in TX were from U.S.
• 2) Hadnt adopted Mexican ways
• 3) Mexican govt. sets official border between TX
  U.S.
• 4) Wouldnt allow trade with U.S. U.S.
  citizens no longer allowed to settle in TX

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• The Struggle for Independence
• A. The Battle of the Alamo
• 1) Mission building in San Antonio
• 2) Brave leaders Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie,
  William Travis
• 3) Lasted for 12 days Mexicans finally
  killed all defenders
• 4) Even in defeat, they bring Texans together
  buy time to gather supplies
• B. Texas Declares its Independence
• 1) Declared Independence on March 2, 1836
  Republic of Texas
• C. Lone Star Republic
• 1) Sam Houston elected Pres. of TX
• 2) Asks to be annexed by U.S. refused to
  keep slave free state power equal
• D. Road to Statehood
• 1) Texas joins Union in 1845

Sam Houston
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War with Mexico

• The New Mexico Territory
• Area that included present day New Mexico,
  Arizona, Utah, Nevada
• Americans used Santa Fe Trail to trade with
  Mexico eventually settled in the region
• Californias Spanish Culture
• 1821 California became a state of the
  Mexican nation
• 1840s American starting to settle
  wanted it as part of our nation (manifest
  destiny)
• War with Mexico
• Pres. Polk wants war with Mexico so we
  can gain California

Santa Fe Trail
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• A. Conflict Begins
• 1) War with Mexico is declared on May 11,
  1846. Fighting begins for California, Texas
• B. Polks War Plan
• 1) Secure TX border
• 2) Seize California New Mexico
• 3) Capture Mexico City (capital of Mexico)
• C. The Bear Flag Republic
• 1) July 1846, U.S. Navy captured the ports of
  San Francisco Monterey
• 2) By Jan. 1847 California is fully
  controlled by America
• D. Capture of Mexico City
• 1) Mexican govt. surrenders in 1847

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E. United States Expands 1) Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo signed in 1848 a)
Mexico gives up TX agrees to Rio Grande
Border 2) Mexican Cession a) Mexico
sells California New Mexico to U.S. for 15
million. 3) Gadsden Purchase a)
Strip of land south of Arizona New
Mexico b) Brings U.S. mainland to
present day size
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California Utah

• California Gold Rush
• Gold discovered in 1848 people come from
  all over the world
• 1) Arrived in 1849 known as 49ers
• 2) 80 of 49ers were American
• A. Life in California
• 1) Due to the gold rush, cities exploded
  over night becoming known as Boomtowns
• 2) Gold rush doubled worlds supply of gold
• 3) Very few miners found wealth but
  boomtown merchants did
• 4) One example was Levi Strauss (Levi
  jeans)

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• B. Economic Political Progress
• 1) Many miners stayed to run businesses
  population grew rapidly
• 2) Californians then wrote a constitution
  applied for statehood in 1850
• 3) Banned slavery southern states wouldnt
  support until a compromise was reached later in
  1850
• A Religious Refuge in Utah
• A. A Haven in the Desert
• 1) Mormon migration begins in 1846
• 2) Largest single migration in American
  history (12,000 people)
• 3) Made life in the desert flourish through
  hard work dedication
• 4) Utah does not become a state until 1896
  (known as Deseret)

Brigham Young
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CH.12 VOCAB CONT.

• 5. Annex- To add a territory to ones own
  territory
• 6. Decree- An order given by one in authority

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CH. 12 VOCABULARY

• 1. Joint Occupation- The possession settling of
  an area by two or more countries
• 2. Rendezvous- A meeting
• 3. Mountain Man- A frontiersman living in the
  mountain wilderness
• 4. Manifest Destiny- Idea popular in U.S. during
  1800s that the country must expand its
  boundaries to the Pacific

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Ch. 12 Vocab 2

• Forty-niner- People who arrived in California in
  1849 to search for gold
• Boomtowns- New communities built over night in
  California during the gold rush
• Vigilantes- Groups formed by citizens that would
  act as police, judges, and sometimes executioners
• Californios- Mexicans who lived in California

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ESSAY

• HOW DID PRESIDENT JAMES K. POLK GET AMERICANS TO
  GO TO WAR WITH MEXICO?