Organization

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Organization

• A formally structured collection of individuals
  working toward common goals.
• A social entity that is goal directed, designed
  as deliberately structured and coordinated
  activity systems, and linked to the external
  environment.

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Organizational Behavior

• The study of individual and group dynamics in
  organizational settings.

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• ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
• --------------------------------------
• Individual
• Team
• Department
• Plant
• Division
• Organization
• -------------------------------------
• ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY

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Goals in studying Organizational Behavior

• Enhancing Performance
• Productivity, Profit, ROI, etc.
• Promoting Member Well-being
• Job Satisfaction, Physical Health, Mental Health

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Behavioral Sciences Influencing OB

• Psychology
• Personality, Motivation, Leadership, Stress
• Sociology
• Norms, Roles, Status, Power, Conflict
• Anthropology
• Organizational Culture, Cross-Cultural Analysis
• Political Science
• Organizational Politics, Power, Conflict

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Classical Perspective (1900)

• Emphasized a rational, scientific approach to
  study of management and sought to make workers
  and organizations like efficiently operating
  machines

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Classic. Perspective Categories

• Scientific Management
• Bureaucratic Organizations (rational)
• Administrative Principles (rational)

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Summary of Classical Management
Scientific Bureaucratic
Administrative
Focus Whole organization
Focus Workers
Focus Managers
Emphases Rules Rationality
Emphases Management functions Chain of Command
Emphases Training routines Financial motivation
Benefits Clear structure Guiding
Principles Efficiency
Benefits Fairness Efficiency
Benefits Productivity Efficiency
Drawbacks Rigidity Slowness
Drawbacks Overlooks social needs
Drawbacks Oversimplified, doesnt consider
environment
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Shift in Management Thinking Following the
Hawthorne Studies
From
To
Classical Management
Human Relations/Resources
- Rationality - Efficiency - Standardization
Recognition of importance of workers Social
Environment
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Human Relations Movement

• Emphasized satisfaction of employees
  social/psychological needs as the key to
  increased worker productivity.
• Implication Be nice to employees.

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Human Resources Perspective

• Jobs should be designed to allow workers to use
  their full potential
• People will accept responsibility
• People have intellect that can be applied to
  reaching organizational goals
• Implication allow active participation

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Other General Viewpoints in OB

• Systems Theory
• How the parts fit together
• How the org. interacts with its environment
• Contingency View

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Contingency View (1960)

• Integrates many of the other views
• No one best way to manage - the best way depends
  on the situation (e.g., have few rules in a
  small organization, many rules in a large one)