Livy

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Livys Monumentum
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(Lewis Short)

• monumentum (monim- ), i, n. moneo),
• I. select that which preserves the remembrance
  of any thing, a memorial, a monument esp. of
  buildings, statues, galleries, tombs erected to
  perpetuate the remembrance of a person or thing
  cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 139 Müll.

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Ancient Authors use the term

• Varro (1st Cent B.C.) Physical reminders in the
  present day, of the past, which teach a lesson.
  His examples are graves and their inscriptions
  that advise the living. (Varro De Lingua Latina
  6.49)
• Otherwise mentioned and discussed by Cato (fr.
  83P), Suetonius (Tib.2.1-2), Pliny the Elder (NH
  21.6), Ovid and Cicero.

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• Jaeger (1997)
• A physical thing or delineated space,
  distinguished with the intent of carrying some
  message into the future. Monumenta are a
  Janus-like phenomena which look both into the
  past as well as the future immortalizing past
  events and preserving an important Lesson or
  Value for the future. Monumenta have some common
  characteristics.
• An absent person or thing commemorated.
• A present audience reminded.
• A memory or an exhortation that is socially
  relevant
• A meaning determined jointly by the reminder, its
  physical context and the circumstances of each
  viewer.

• Miles (1995)
• Monuments were survivals from the past for which
  they provide evidence. Livy explicitly refers to
  them as incorruptus, but tacitly points admits
  that they are also susceptible distortion. His
  supposed unbroken link with the past available
  for inspection in three forms
• the intentional
• the unintentional
• the literary

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• Wiseman (1986)
• The foundations of aetiological stories, used as
  a physical validation of the truth of historians
  writing. Monumenta spawn fabulae.
• These were especially important before the
  Samnite Wars.
• Stories based off of interpreting monumenta, were
  not necessarily true. Livy (38.56.2)

Bonfante (1998) Monuments are the physical
survival of memory. The visual/physical world of
Rome is the embodiment of its traditions. Livy
in specific sees monuments as large architectural
objects, as well as literary works which are
described metaphorically as architectural
objects.
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What is a Monumentum?
Past
Future
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MONUMENTUM LIVII
Praef (6), Praef (10),1.12, 1.13,1 1.36, 1.45,
1.48, 1.55, 2.33, 2.40, 4.7, 4.10, 4.16, 4.24,
5.30, 5.52, 6.1, 6.20, 6.28, 6.29, 7.21, 7.3,
8.11, 8.40, 9.18, 10.15, 10.2, 23.20, 25.39,
26.24, 26.41, 29.37, 30.28, 31.30, 31.29, 37.6,
31.30, 31.29, 37.6, 38.56 (4x), 38.57, 38.53,
39.37, 39.40, 45.27
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Type 1 The Constructed Monument

• Non inviderunt laude sua mulieribus viri
  Romaniadeo sine obtrectatione gloriae alienae
  vivebatur 12 , monumentoque quod esset,
  templum Fortunae muliebri aedificatum
  dedicatumque est. (2.40.11-12)
•  
• The Roman men did not begrudge the women due
  regard truly it survived without the detraction
  of foreign praise, so that it would be a reminder
  (literally a monument), a temple was built and
  dedicated to Lady Fortuna.
• Other examples 1.36, 1.55, 2.33, 2.40, 5.30

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Type 2 Monumentalized Space

• 7 foedum inhumanumque inde traditur scelus,
  monumentoque locus est. Sceleratum vicum vocant.
  (1.48.7)
• The foul and inhuman crime from that place is
  related, and the location is a monument. They
  call it Crime Street.
• Other Examples 1.13, 4.16

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Type 3 Monuments of Words

• 10 hoc illud est praecipue in cognitione rerum
  salubre ac frugiferum, omnis te exempli documenta
  in inlustri posita monumento intueri (praef. 10)
• This is especially fruitful and beneficial in
  recognition of events, that you consider every
  example set down in brilliant monument.
• Stories that arent written down are Fabulae
• Other Examples 4.7, 6.1

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Final Thoughts

• Monuments are Physical Things which remind people
  of past events, both good and bad, and arent
  necessarily constructed.
• Is this so much different from how we look at the
  world today?
• Livys Monumenta in a way is the an attempt to
  turn the entire city of Rome into a Monument.
• In many ways much like an artifact.

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• Works Cited (The most useful works are bold
  font).
•  
• Chaplin, Jane D. 2000. Livys Exemplary History.
  Oxford Oxford University Press.
• Bonfante, Larissa. 1998. Livy and the Monuments
  in Meir Lubetski, Claire Gottlieb, Sharon R.
  Keller, ed., Boundaries of the Ancient Near
  Eastern World A tribute to Cyrus H.Gordon.
  Sheffield Sheffield Academic Press.
• Feldherr, Andrew. 1998. Spectacle and Society in
  Livys History. Berkeley University of
  California Press.
• Jaegar, Mary. 1997. Livys written Rome. Ann
  Arbor University of Michigan Press.
• Miles, Gary B. 1995. Livy, Reconstructing Early
  Rome. Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press.
• Sailor, Dylan. 2006. Dirty Linen, Fabrication ,
  and the Authorities of Livy and Augustus. In
  Transactions of the American Philological
  Association 136.2 (329-388).
• Wiseman, T.P. 1986. Monuments and the Roman
  annalists. In I.S. Moxon, J.D. Smart, A.J.
  Woodman, ed., Past Perspectives Studies in Greek
  and Roman Historical Writing. Cambridge
  Cambridge University Press.