Astronomy Unit 3

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Astronomy Unit 3

• Artificial Satellites
• Natural Satellites
• Our Moon
• Orbit of our Moon
• Surface Features of our Moon
• Origin of our Moon

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Artificial Satellites

• Vocab Words for Artificial Satellites
• Artificial Satellite
• Scientific Research Satellite
• Weather Satellite
• Earth-Observing Satellite
• Navigation Satellite
• Communication Satellite
• Military Satellite

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Artificial Satellites

• An Artificial Satellite is a man made object put
  into orbit around another object.
• For example, they orbit Earth, other planets,
  moons, etc.
• They remain in orbit by a gravitational force.
• They all take different types of orbits depending
  upon their purpose.
• They include different instruments depending upon
  their purpose.
• All include some sort of communication device to
  communicate with earth and some sort of device to
  allow it to power itself.

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Artificial Satellites
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Artificial Satellites

• There are 6 types of artificial satellites
• Scientific Research Satellite
• Weather Satellite
• Earth-Observing Satellite
• Navigation Satellite
• Communication Satellite
• Military Satellite

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Artificial Satellites

• Scientific Research Satellite
• Used to collect data and research other planets
  and/or moons.

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Artificial Satellites

• Weather Satellite
• Used to collect data and research weather
  patterns across the world.

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Artificial Satellites

• Earth-Observing Satellite
• Used to take pictures of different areas of the
  earth.

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Artificial Satellites

• Navigation Satellite
• Used to communicate with your gps and other
  tracking systems.

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Artificial Satellites

• Communication Satellite
• Used by companies to allow and enhance
  communication with your tvs, radios, cell phones,
  internet, etc.

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Artificial Satellites

• Military Satellite
• Used by the government to spy on other nations or
  spy on our own nation.

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Natural Satellites

• Vocab Words for Natural Satellites
• Natural Satellite

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Natural Satellites

• A Natural Satellite is an object that is in orbit
  around another object. It is not man-made!
• Examples
• The earth a natural satellite of the sun.
• All of the planets, comets, meteoroids, asteroids
  and dwarf planets are natural satellites of the
  sun.
• The moon is a natural satellite of the earth.
• Jupiter has 64 natural satellites.
• Natural Satellites orbit due to a gravitational
  force exerted by its parent object.

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Natural Satellites

• Here is the orbit of some of the planets around
  the sun. They are natural satellites of the sun.

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Natural Satellites

• Our Moon
• The Orbit of the Moon
• Vocab Words for The Orbit of the Moon
• 1st Quarter
• 3rd Quarter
• New Moon
• Full Moon
• Waxing
• Waning
• Synchronous Orbit
• Near Side
• Far Side
• Lunar Eclipse
• Solar Eclipse

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Natural Satellites

• The Orbit of the Moon
• The moon revolves around the earth every 29.5
  days.
• The moon rotates around itself every 29.5 days as
  well!
• This means the moons orbit is synchronous
• A Synchronous Orbit is when the period of
  revolution is equal to the period of rotation.
  The moon rotates at the same exact pace that is
  revolves at!

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Natural Satellites

• The Orbit of the Moon
• The Synchronous orbit of the Moon causes the moon
  to have a Near Side and a Far Side.
• The Near Side of the Moon is the side of the moon
  that ALWAYS faces the earth.
• The Far Side of the Moon is the side of the moon
  that NEVER faces the earth.
• In 1959 the Russian Mission, Luna 3 (an unmanned
  space probe) photographed it. This is the first
  time people saw pictures of the Far Side.
• It wasnt until 1968 that people saw it first
  hand. Apollo 8 was able to orbit the moon and
  view the far side. Astronauts Frank Borman, Jim
  Lovell and William Anders were able to see it.

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Natural Satellites

• Near Side on the Left and Far Side on the Right

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Natural Satellites

• Note the differences between the Near Side and
  Far Side
• This is why scientists believe the Earth has had
  some impact on the Formation of the Moon.

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Natural Satellites

• The Orbit of the Moon
• As the moon revolves around the earth it looks
  different in the sky each night.
• The different appearances of the moon in the
  night sky are called the Moon Phases.
• The moon is ALWAYS 50 lit up from the sun.
• It isnt always the lit up side that is facing
  the earth.
• What we see at night (the different phases) are
  combination of the lit up portion of the moon and
  side of the moon facing the earth.

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Natural Satellites
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Natural Satellites

• The Moon goes through 8 distinct phases during
  each of its revolution.
• New Moon
• Waxing Crescent
• 1st Quarter
• Waxing Gibbous
• Full Moon
• Waning Gibbous
• 3rd Quarter
• Waning Crescent

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Natural Satellites
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Natural Satellites

• New Moon is when none of the lit up portion of
  the moon is facing the earth.
• The moon appears completely dark in the night sky
  from earth.
• Full Moon is when all of the lit portion of the
  moon is facing the earth.
• The moon appears completely bright in the night
  sky from earth.

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Natural Satellites

• The Waxing phases are the growing phases of the
  moon.
• When the moon goes from new moon to full moon
• The Waning phases are the shrinking phases of the
  moon.
• When the moon goes from full moon back down to
  new moon

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Natural Satellites

• The Orbit of the Moon
• The moons orbit is tilted 5 degrees to the
  earths orbit.

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Natural Satellites

• The Orbit of the Moon
• This tilted orbit means that solar eclipses and
  lunar eclipses will NOT occur each month.
• A Solar Eclipse is when the moon comes right in
  between the earth and sun and casts its shadow
  upon the sun.
• The Moon should be New Moon phase at this point.
• A Lunar Eclipse is when Earth falls directly in
  between the sun and the moon and casts its shadow
  upon the moon.
• The Moon should be in Full Moon phase at this
  point.

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Natural Satellites
Solar Eclipse

• Position of Sun, Moon Earth

• View from Earth
• Total Solar Eclipse

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Natural Satellites

• Lunar Eclipse

• View from Earth
• Total Lunar Eclipse

• Position of Sun, Moon Earth

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Natural Satellites

• Our Moon
• Moons Surface Features
• Vocab Words for Surface Features of our moon
• Maria
• Highland
• Crater

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Natural Satellites

• Moons Surface Features
• The moon has surface features similar to the way
  earth has surface features.
• When Galileo first looked the moon from earth, he
  believed he was seeing oceans and continents on
  the moon because he saw darker and lighter areas.
• The moon consists of maria and highlands.
• Maria are dark, low-lying lava intrusions upon
  the moons surface
• Highlands are lighter, elevated areas of the
  moons surface

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Natural Satellites

• Moons Surface Features

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Natural Satellites

• Moons Surface Features
• The moons surface is covered in craters. These
  are bowl shaped depressions resulting from a
  meteoroid impact.

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Natural Satellites

• Origin of our Moon
• You will read about the different theories on how
  the moon was formed in your reading booklet.
• You will also do a lab that where you will learn
  about the age of different surface features on
  the moon.