Lecture 10 Nutrition of inflammation, immune and allergy

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Lecture 10 Nutrition of inflammation, immune and
allergy
Cryptomeria pollen
Helminth
Cryptomeria pollen
Non-peculiar IgE induced by infection with
parasites
Histamine
Serotonin
Histamine
Serotonin
Leukotriene
Leukotriene
Obesity cell
Allergy symptom
Obesity cell
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Five signs of inflammation ?Pain(Pottasium
etc),?Flare(Vasodilator) ?Swelling(Effusion),?Feve
r(Hypermetabolism) ?Dysfunction
Biochemical change of inflammation
Interleukin 1
Bradykinin
Processing of foreign body
Macrophage
etc
Infection Injury
lymphokine
Cell destruction
T Cell
Pain
Cell destruction
Physical Chemical
Vascular permeability factor
B Cell
Anti-body
Flare
Fever
Sterilization Neutralizing
Food action
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
Swelling
Hageman factor
hypermetabolism
Tuftsin
Endothelium
Vasodilator
vascular hyperpermeability
Leukocyte migration
Fibroblast proliferation
Histamine, peptide, serotonin, and Leukotoriene B4
Collagen, Polysaccharide
Newborn blood vessel Reborn organization
Chemotactic factor
Bacillus
Local irritation
1St step (Circulatory failure and Ocade)
Second stage (Moist, Proliferation)
Third stage (Restoration)
Yasuo KAGAWA. Core, Molecular biology of the
human body, MARUZEN, 1997, modification of p.222
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The first defense line of the infection of the
living body is a skin and a mucous membrane
In the body, first of all, there are a skin and
a mucous membrane as the first defense line. The
surface of the skin is kept moderate acid, and
the bacillus and the virus are prevented from
going into it with the mucous membrane in organs
such as the mouth, the throat, the nose, the
trachea, lungs, intestines, and genitals. The
cell wall of the bacillus is melted and the
enzyme of lysozyme that goes out of the mucous
membrane such as regarding is defended. Moreover,
it secretes viscous liquid from the mucous
membrane and the foreign enemy is flushed. And,
it is the one that is called activity an immunity
system when this first defense line is exceeded.
Our body is defended from the bacillus and the
virus that this immunity system has gone into it
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Union organization is immunity system to do
immunity

• The immunity system consists of the lymphatic
  tissue about the spleens such as white blood
  corpuscles that circulate to the thymus and the
  whole body distributed lymph node and marrow and
  lymphocytes, vermiform appendices, and the
  intestines tube walls.
• The lymphocyte, the monocyte, the acidophil
  leukocyte, and saying simply is a heterophilic
  leucocyte (Both belong to the white blood
  corpuscle) with the immunity system
• The main cell active by immunity
• The heterophilic leucocyte It sterilizes it
  eating the suppuration bacterium such as
  staphylococci.
• The acidophil leukocyte It has the action that
  ends the allergic reaction.
• Macrophage Vigorous large cell to act food
  originate in monocyte.
• Lymphocyte There are two kinds (B and T).
• B cell Working that makes the antibody is done.
• T cell Cell that enters thymus, and receives
  "Education".
• The killer T cell The cell and the tumor cell
  that receives the infection of the virus are
  destroyed.
• The helper T cell The killer T cell and B cell
  help the function.
• There are Th1, Th2, NK, and a lymphocyte such as
  suppressors T from the role of B immune function.

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Blood ImageThere are many kinds of the arrow of
white blood corpuscles in a round red blood
corpuscle. The monocyte becomes a macrophage
Acidophil leukocyte
Multi-nuclear white blood corpuscle
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Basophilic leukocyte
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Kinds of lymphocyte

• B Cellproduct the antibody
• T CellKiller T cell and Helper T cell
• Th1 CellActivate Killer T cell?NK
  cell?macrophage etc.
• Th2 CellActivate B cell and promote to product
  anti-body
• Suppresser T cellControl immunity and order
  attacking stop
• NK cellThe cell and the tumor cell that catches
  the wog as well as the killer T cell are
  destroyed. A point different from the killer T
  cell is a leading part of immunity in the
  inherent provision with this character

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Differentiation of lymphocyte and immune response
with B cell and T cell
Blood plasma cell
B Cell
Humoral Immunity (B)
Maturity control
Activate B cell
Promoting
Lymphocyte
Ag antigen
AIDS Virus
Mature promoting
Pre
Stem cell
Suppresser)
Helper
Macrophage
Marrow
Interleukin 2
B cell
Thymus
Cell Mediated Immunity (T)
Delayed Allergy response
T Cell
promote
Intestine
Destruction of dissimilar cell
T Cell
Obst ration
Killer
Mucosal immunity
Yasuo KAGAWA. Core, Molecular biology of the
human body, MARUZEN, 1997, p.225
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Kind, structure, and function of
antibodyimmunoglobulin
IgM IgD IgG IgA IgE
H chain µ d ? a e
L chain ? or ? ? or ? ? or ? ? or ? ? or ?
Number of units in dimer is assumed to be one 5 1 1 1or2 1
Ratio in all Ig 10 lt1 75 15 lt1
Half-life (day) 5 3 25 2 6
Complement activation - - -
Uniting with englobement cell - - - -
Uniting with gemastete cell - - - -
IgM is an antibody where immune reaction appears
first. IgG appears as follows
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The structure of the antibodyAntigens are
united in Y character type and the point
Antigen uniting part
The part written C is a common structure. The
point written V is peculiar in each antigen
different structure, and one antibody unites only
with one decided antigen. H is H chain (big
peptide) L is L chain. (small peptide)
Solid protein structural data base.Available
from lthttp//pdbj.protein.osaka-u.ac.jp/gt
(accessed 2007-11-06)
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Only B cell (B2 of figure) that makes the
antibody that reacts with a specific antigen
proliferates and it increases production of the
antibody. Selection theory of clone (descendant
cell of one cell)
Precursor cell
The precursor cell differentiates into millions
of clones
Various stops B cell clone
It encounters the antigen that agrees with the
surface receptor of the b2 clone
The b2 clone proliferates, it matures, and the
antibody with the same uniting part as the
surface receptor is discharged
B cell consists monoclone. Secret anti-body
Secreted anti-body
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Pethogen
Humoral immunity
To blood Plasma cell (mature)
Secretion of antibody
Bacillus
Uniting
Virus
B Cell
Blood plasma cell
Virus
Mold
Cell immunity
To killer T cell (mature)
T Cell
Killer T Cell
Cell infected by virus
Heterologous protein
There are two kinds of immunities. The humoral
immunity is an antibody, and the cell immunity
destroys the pathogen by T cell
Helper T Cell
Dissolution
Lymphokine
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Differentiation into T cell and B cell of
lymphocyte
Hematopoietic tissue
Thymus
Second lymphoid organs
Lymph node, Spleen etc.
T cell
Cellular Immune response
Hymopoiesis
Marrow lymphocyte
Antigen
Hematopoietic stem cell
(Mammals)
Antibody response
B cell
(birds)
Birds
Birds
Intracapsular lymphocyte
Primary lymphoid organs Represent yellow
Bursa of Fabricius
(Only birds)
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Abnormality of immunity systemDepression and
hyperactivity

• Abnormality of the immunity system greatly
  divides into two
• It becomes easy to become the infectious disease
  and cancer when one is a decrease in the immune
  function, and it decreases
• Another is hyperactivity, and when immunity works
  too much, the allergy (hay fever etc) and
  autoimmune diseases (rheumatism etc.) easily will
  be occured

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The symptom of the allergic reaction appears to
a lot of internal organs of the whole body
Eye
Whole body
Heatness, Shock
Inflammation and eye mist Conjunctivitis
Nerve system
Respiratory organs
Headaches, Dizziness
Bronchial asthma such as coughs and breathing
difficulties and allergy coryzas such as runny
noses and sneezes
Skin
Atopic dermatitis hives, itchy, and eczema)
Digestive organs
Stomachache, vomiting, and diarrhea that it
swells in lip, tongue, and mouth, and it
becomes itchy in mouth, etc
Urinary organs
Blood urine, Protein urine
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Symptom of allergy to food
? Skin mucous membrane symptom
Itchy, autumn tint, hives, and eczema
? Digestive organs symptom
Stomachache, diarrhea, and vomiting
? Respiratory organ symptom
Cough, Sniffles, and Sneeze
? Anaphylaxis shock
Tired out, pulsus frequens, decreased blood
pressure, and consciousness disorder
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Whats allergy to food
Mechanism of immunity
Element of foods
food
symptom
Immunocyte
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Mechanism of allergy to food
food
Allergen
I??????????
? type Anaphylaxis type
anti body
Histamine Roicotorien
Immediate allergic reaction
Mast (obesity) cell
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Allergy appearance and IgE antibody
Cryptomeria pollen
Parasite
Cryptomeria pollen
Non-peculiar IgE induced by infection with
parasites
Histamine
Serotonin
Histamine
Serotonin
Leukotriene
Leukotriene
Mast cell
Mast cell
Allergy symptom
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Infant food allergen
Adult food allergen
Ratio including allergen
Lobster, Crab
Egg
Seafood
Milk
Fruit
3 7 11 14 Adult
3 7 11 14 Adult
244 410 350 244 189
244 410 350 244 189
The Ministry of Health and Welfare food allergic
task force Modification from 1997 reports
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Whats Allergy march
Allergy to food
Baby
Food (egg, milk ,etc)
Atopic dermatitis
Infant
Tick, Housedust
Bronchial asthma
Child
Pollen Mold
Allergy coryza
Adult
IgE antibody
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The number of asthma children doubles in ten
years (The Ministry of Education,School health
statistics 2006)
It executed it based on the data of about 3.36
million people extracted from the kindergarten in
the whole country and the checkup result of
elementary schools, junior high schools and high
schools. Asthma is 2.4 time ten years ago
2.4(1.01996 year) in the kindergarten
3.8(1.6) in the elementary school 3.0(1.5) in
the junior high school 1.7(0.8) in the
kindergarten in the high school. Six years old
decreases in the age and the following have
decreased highest with 4.2. Atopic dermatitis
has become aggravated as one person in ten of
one-years old halves is hanging in the
investigation that the Ministry of Health, Labour
and Welfare research group executed in 02. The
one with doctor's opinion since this time was
totaled. It is 3.8, and 3.6 in the elementary
school in the kindergarten. 2.8 in junior high
school and 2.2 in high school
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An increase in allergic disease and a decrease of
helminth
Helminth Allergy coryza Atopic dermatitis Bronchia
l asthma
Rate of infectious ()
Hygiene theory The except bacterium goods are
allergic causes at safety and a long term in a
short term
The helminth is infected and to prevent it, it
examined seriously
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Diagnosis of allergy to food
Hearing to case history (Symptom, eating habits,
environmental factor, and family medical history)
Observation of examination and symptom
Allergy examination
IgE CAP-RAST examination Histamine separation
reaction Skin examination
Food removal examination Food load examination
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Food label system including allergen
Specific material that provides by Act of
Parliament
? Egg ? Milk or Dairy products ? Wheat ?
Buckwheat ? Peanuts
Specific material that encourages display
Ear shell, squid, and salmon roe, lobster,
orange, crab, kiwi fruit, beef, walnut, salmon,
mackerel, soybean, chicken, pork, matsutake
mushroom, peach, yam, and apple and gelatin
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The main allergen substitution food
Allergen
Alternative food

• Milk
• Wheat
• Egg
• Soy

Canadian moisture Totiti Various foods for milk
allergy
Low allergy wheat, Rice powder, Starch Various
foods for wheat allergy
Mayonnaise pulled our egg, Various food for egg
allergy, Water is added to starch and flour and
clothes of the fly are substituted
Various foods for soybean allergy Colza oil
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Subject in 2004 Food in the future Trend
innovation section
POSIFoodpoint of sale individualized food Food
Tararmaded in counter Nutrition science and
processing and sales system
Individual nourishment, preference, beauty, and
life target
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Yumeminori
Normal soybean
Tailor housemaid food "yumeminori development
for allergy to food
Soybean protein isolate
The allergy is for the individual. The research
has succeeded in the ß Ractogrobrin milk, wheat,
and the egg, etc?
Reductant cutting S-S uniting Is needed
Reductant is not needed
Allergic removal processing
Removal method without reducing agent of removal
by gene change of a subunit of allergen and
GlymBd28K and GlymBd30K
Rate of elimination
Main allergen protein
Yasuo KAGAWA, Nutrient gene in the daily life,
?Nutrition and cooking?, 72(4), 2006.4 p.166-8
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A fault and a low sulfur amino acid of the
soybean protein are solved by a new kind.
Achievement of substitution and tailor-made foods
of milk and egg allergy
Methionine
Including amount (mg/g protein)
Cystine
Yumeminori
Tachiyutaka
Chizukadaizu
Name of kind and system
Yasuo KAGAWA, Nutrient gene in the daily life,
?Nutrition and cooking?, 72(4), 2006.4 p.166-8
29
Substitutional food for allergy
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Unpaired electron
The active oxygen is a compound of reactive
oxygen. There are polyphenol of the red wine,
catechin of tea, vitamin C, and vitamin E in Anti
Oxidant Biofactor that prevents the active oxygen
from damaging the human body
??
??
Enzyme
Enzyme
Superoxide anion
Unpaired electron
??
Enzyme
Hydrogen
??
Hydroxy radical
Electron
Unpaired electron
??
??
??
??
Enzyme
Enzyme
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Hydrogen peroxide
Atomic nucleus
Atomic nucleus
??
Enzyme
??
Enzyme
A free radical is reactive with other materials
Atomic nucleus
Single paragraph enzyme
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The monocyte goes into the tallow that grew fat,
and it is a macrophage and an inflammation
Monocyte
Chemotaxis increase
moist
Activation
Obesity
Non-esterified fatty acid
Expansion adypocyte
Folic acid lack?High homocysteine blood
Macrophage
Monocyte chemoattractant protein
Tumor necrosis factor
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Participation LDL relations to arteriosclerosis
generation
Blood vessel
Blood vessel
Active oxygen
Oxidation
Oxidation
Macrophage
Oxidation
Arteriosclerosis ? Clot formation
Oxidation LDL accumulates in the blood vessel
The active oxygen forms not only 8OHdG but also
oxidation LDL