Wilmot

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WilmotsGENETICS
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• Who is the Father of Genetics?

Gregor Mendel
When 2 alleles DONT BLEND but BOTH SHOW
TOGETHER like in A B blood type, it is
called _______________
Codominance incomplete dominance
codominance
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• Transmission of characteristics from parents to
  offspring is called ___________________.
• _____________ is the study of how characteristics
  are passed on from one generation to the next.

heredity
Genetics
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RECESSIVE

• __________________ An allelethat IS MASKED BY
  the
• presence of another allele

The appearance of an organism is its
_____________
phenotype
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• Another name for heterozygous

hybrid
The diagram at the right is called a _____________
Punnett square
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DOMINANT

• __________________ An allele that MASKS the
  presence of another allele
• Red and white flowers producingpink offspring is
  an example of
• _______________________
• Codominance
  incomplete dominance

Incomplete dominance
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• A recessive gene is represented by a
  _________________ letter.

lower case
What phenotypic ratio would youexpect to see in
offspring from a monohybrid cross of 2
heterozygous parents?
31 Dominantrecessive
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• _______________
• are different gene
• choices for a trait.

ALLELES
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• A dominant gene is represented by a ____________
  letter.(usually the first letter of the trait)

capital
When a heterozygous individual shows a blending
of 2 alleles instead of one being dominant over
the other it is called ___________ ____________.
Incomplete dominance
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• When both alleles in the pair are the SAME the
  organism is _______________ or __________

HOMOZYGOUS PURE
What phenotype ratio is a clue that there has
been a dihybrid cross between 2 heterozygous
parents?
9331
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• R red flowers r white flowers

Red
An Rr organism would have ____________ flowers
if this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT.
pink
An Rr organism would have ____________ flowers
if this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT.
BOTH red white
An Rr organism would have ______________ flowers
if this trait was CODOMINANT.
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• What are Mendels 2 laws of heredity?

Law of SegregationLaw of Independent Assortment
The offspring of the P1 generation are called the
____ generation
F1
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• Give an example of a trait that
• shows incomplete dominance

flower color in Four oclocks
TRUE or FALSEA person with Type O blood
could be a blood donor for a person with Type AB
blood.
True Type O is the universal donor
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• When both alleles in the pair are DIFFERENT the
  organism is
• _________________ or _____________

HETEROZYGOUS HYBRID
A cross that involves only 1 trait is called a
____________ cross.
monohyrid
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• T Tall
• t short
• The genotype of the offspring from the
• cross at the right is _________.
• Their phenotype is _________.

Tt
tall
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• Which of the following genotypes
• is homozygous?
• TT Ww Bb rr mm
  BB Tt

TT rr mm
BB
Another name for homozygous is ________.
pure
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• Which of these Punnett squares would you
• use to predict the offspring of a DIHYBRID cross?

This one!
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• In the cross at the
• right __________
• is dominant for flower color.

red
Which of the following genotypes is from a
heterozygous organism? Tt SS bb
Mm Rr kk
Tt Mm Rr
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DNA

• A gene is a segment of _______
• that codes for a trait.

The Law of Segregation and theLaw of Independent
Assortmentare the result of the movement
of chromosomes during ___________
mitosis meiosis
meiosis
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• The Punnett square below shows
• a ___________ cross.
• homozygous monohybrid dihybrid
  test

dihybrid
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• Crossing a red haired horse with a white haired
  horse produces a roan colored horse.
• (Both alleles for hair color show together). This
  kind of inheritance is called ___________________

Co-dominance
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• What type of genotype is used to make a test
  cross?

Homozygous recessive
What type of gametes can this organism produce?
BbTt ______
______ _______ _______
BT bt bT Bt
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• In guinea pigs, black fur (B) is
• dominant over brown fur (b).
• If a black Guinea pig is crossed with
• a brownGuinea pig and the litter
• contains a brown baby, the genotype
• of the black parent is probably
• BB Bb bb

Bb Must have one B to be black must
have one b to pass on to baby
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• Which of these Punnett squares would you
• use to predict the offspring of a MONOHYBRID
  cross?

This one!
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• Crossing individuals from the P1 generation
  produces the
• ____ generation.

F1
A gene is a segment of ______. DNA PROTEIN
RNA CARBOHYDRATE
DNA
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• L Blue legs l yellow legs

Blue
An Rr organism would have ____________ legs if
this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT.
green
An Rr organism would have ____________ legs if
this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT.
BOTH Blue yellow
An Rr organism would have ______________ legs if
this trait was CODOMINANT.
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• Crossing individuals from the F1 generation
  produces the
• ____ generation.

F2
A person with this type of blood could DONATE to
Type __________blood
A or AB
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• In a monohybrid cross of two
• HETEROZYGOUS parents (Pp), you would expect the
  offspring to be
• 1 pp3 PP 3 Pp1 pp

1 PP2 Pp1 pp all Pp
1 PP2 Pp1 pp
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Draw a picture of a blood cell from a person
with Type AB blood.
This person could give blood to an individual
with type ________ blood. This blood type is
called the universal _________________.
AB
RECIPIENT
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Draw a picture of a blood cell from a person
with Type O blood.
No change. There are NO A, B, or O proteins on
the surface of a type O cell.
This blood type is called the universal __________
_______.
DONOR
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Draw a picture of a blood cell from a person
with Type A blood.
This person could give blood to an individual
with type __________ blood
A or AB
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Draw a picture of a blood cell from a person
with Type B blood.
This person could give blood to an individual
with type __________ blood
B or AB
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• Name another blood type you learned about besides
  the A,B,O system.

Rh (positive and negative)
Tell the molecule found on the surface of cells
which helps cells recognize self and provides
blood types
glycoproteins
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G g
The parents in this cross are _____________
Homozygous Heterozygous
Heterozygous
G g
GG Gg
Gg gg
If G is dominant for green pods and g is
recessive for yellow pods, what percentage of the
offspring will have green pods? _______
75
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B b
B
b
The genotype of the offspring in the blue box is
_______
bb
The offspring in the blue box is
homozygous heterozygous
homozygous
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In guinea pigs black fur (B) is dominant over
brown fur (b). The Punnett square for a cross
between a HETEROZYGOUS black guinea pig and a
PURE brown guinea pig would look like
B B
b
b
B b
B
B
B b
B
b
B b
b
b
This is the Correct setup Heterozygous
Bb Pure brown bb
homozygous
Another name for pure is _________________
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A o
A AA Ao
B AB Bo
The alleles for blood type show 2 kinds of
inheritance.. The following statements are TRUE
or FALSE?
F A B
are codominant
A is dominant over B. O is dominant over A. A is
dominant over O. B and A are co-dominant A is
incompletely dominant over O. O is recessive to A
and to B
F O is
recessive to both A B

T
T
F
T
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• An organism has the genotype Xy.
• What are the possible sperm it can produce?
• ______ ______

X y
THINK ABOUT IT If females have an XX genotype
and can only give X genes, which parent is the
one that determines whether the baby is a boy or
girl?
Father The mother always gives an X If the
father gives a y, its a boy. If the father gives
an X its a girl.
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• If you cross a homozygous RED flowered four
  oclock plant with a homozygous WHITE flowered
  plant, ALL of the offspring produced have PINK
  flowers.
• This type of inheritance in which the
  heterozygote (Rr) shows a blending of traits is
  called __________.
• A. Dominant/recessive inheritance
• B. Co-dominance
• C. Incomplete dominance

Incomplete dominance
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Red throats (R) are dominant over white
(r) throats in Goonie birds. Make a cross
between a PURE RECESSIVE and a HETEROZYGOUS
Goonie bird.
R r r r

Rr rr Rr rr


50 red throats 50 white throats

• What are the possible phenotypes of their
  offspring?
• ( and color)

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B b B b
Black eyes (B) are dominant over red eyes (b) in
rats. Make a cross between two HETEROZYGOUS
rats.


BB Bb Bb bb

• What are the possible phenotypes of their
  offspring?
• ( and color)

75 black eyes 25 red eyes
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The parents in this cross are _____________
Homozygous Heterozygous
Homozygous
If W is dominant for long wings and w is
recessive for short wings, what percentage of
these offspring will have short wings? _______
0 only ww makes it short
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• Who is the Father of Genetics?

Gregor Mendel
Which of the following genotypes could be from a
HETEROZYGOUS organism? TT Rr Ww
bb XX Ss
Rr Ww Ss
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What kind of cross is this? Pure dominant X pure
recessive Heterozygous X heterozygous Heterozygous
X homozygous Hybrid recessive X hybrid pure
Heterozygous X Homozygous
hybrid
Another name for heterozygous is _______________
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In Reebops curly tails (T) are dominant over
straight tails (t). Make a cross between a
HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT and a HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE
Reebop.
T T t t


Tt Tt Tt Tt

• What is the probability the offspring will have
  straight tails?

0 All will be Curly tailed (Tt)
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What type of gametes can this organism produce?
BbTt ______
______ _______ _______
BT bt bT Bt
What type of gametes can this organism produce?
BBTT ______
______ _______ _______
BT BT BT BT
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TtRr X TtRr
TR Tr tR tr
TR
Tr
tR
tr
TTRR TTRr TtRR TtRr TTRr
TTrr TtRr Ttrr TtRR TtRr
ttRR ttRr TtRr Ttrr ttRr
ttrr
Tall T short t R round
rwrinkled
seeds seeds
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• This is an example of a DIHYBRID cross.
• Which pattern of phenotypes will be seen in the
  offspring?

9331
How many offspring will be Short AND Round?
______ Short AND wrinkled? ______
3/16
Recessive and dominant
1/16
Recessive and recessive
HINT9- dominant for both3- recessive and
dominant 3- dominant and recessive 1- recessive
and recessive
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• What do we call the offspring of the F1
  generation?

F2
Which of the following genotypes could be from a
HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE organism? TT bb Rr
Ww tt XX aa
bb
tt aa
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A a
A
a
The genotype of the offspring in the blue box is
_______ homozygous heterozygous
heterozygous
How many of the offspring from this cross will
show the dominant characteristic?
¾ (75) AA and Aa
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G g
G GG Gg
g gg
G is dominant for green pods. g is recessive for
yellow pods. What is the genotype of the
offspring in the shaded box?
Gg
What is the phenotype of the offspring in the
shaded box?
Green pods
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• Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
• Genotype determines phenotype
• Alleles are different forms of the same gene.
• Genotype is the way the genes
• make you look.
• Organisms with different genotypes
  can have the same phenotype.

T
T
F
T Tt and TT both look tall
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(No Transcript)
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• What are the 3 different kinds of inheritance you
  learned about?

Dominant/recessive Incomplete dominance Co-dominan
ce
Offspring of the P1 generation are called
______
F1
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What are the possible offspring of a cross
between a blood type AB mom and a type O dad?
A B O O


Ao Bo Ao Bo

• What are the probable blood types of the
  offspring?

50 Type A 50 Type B
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• Which of the following crosses would you expect
  to see a 9331 ratio in the offspring?
• SSYY X ssyy
• SsYy X SsYy
• ssYY X SSyy

SsYy X SsYy 9331 ratio is seen in dihybrid
crosses
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Purple (P)is the dominant color for monsters.
Yellow is recessive (p). Make a cross between a
HOMOZYGOUS purple and a yellow monster.
P P p p


Pp Pp Pp Pp

• What will the offspring be like?
• ( and color)

100 purple
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• What genotype would a PURPLE dad have to be to
  make a yellow monster baby with a Purple (Pp) mom
  monster?

P p
?
?
pp
Pp Dad needs to have a little p to give
one to the baby a big P to be purple
himself
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Wilma and Fred are going to have a baby. Fred in
AA and Wilma is oo. What are the possible blood
types of their baby?
A A o o


Ao Ao Ao Ao
100 will have A type blood
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Wilma and Fred are going to have a baby. Fred in
AA and Wilma is oo. What are the possible blood
types of their baby?
A A o o


Ao Ao Ao Ao
100 will have A type blood
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What type of gametes can this organism produce?
RrTt ______
______ _______ _______
RT rt rT Rt
What type of gametes can this organism produce?
WwGg ______
______ _______ _______
WG wg wG Wg
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FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE WORDS
Dominant OR Recessive

• In a DIHYBRID HETEROZYGOUS cross the offspring
  that are
• 9/16 are _______________ for both traits.
• 3/16 are _____________ for one trait and
• _____________ for the other.
• 1/16 are _____________ for both traits.

Dominant
Dominant Recessive
Recessive
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T Tall R red t short r white

• In this cross TtRr X TtRt
• What is the probability the offspring will be
• Tall AND white? ____/16
• Short AND red? ____/16
• Tall AND red? ___/16
• Short AND white? ___/16

3
3
9
1
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T Tall Y yellow peas t short y green
peas

• In this cross TtYy X TtYy
• What is the probability the offspring will be
• short AND green? ____/16
• Short AND yellow? ____/16
• Tall AND green? ___/16
• tall AND yellow? ___/16

1
3
3
9
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Y yellow peas R red flowers y green
peas r white flowers

• In this cross YYRR X yyRR
• Be careful!
• What is the probability the offspring will be
• Yellow peas AND white flowers? ____/16
• Green peas AND red flowers? ____/16
• Yellow peas AND red flowers? ___/16
• Green peas AND white flowers? ___/16

0
0
16
0