The%20Divisive%20Politics%20of%20Slavery

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The Divisive Politics of Slavery

• Chapter 4 / Section 1

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Slavery in the Territories

• By 1846 the rift between regions increased.
  (Wilmot Proviso)
• Stated, neither slavery nor involuntary
  servitude shall ever exist in territory gained
  from war with Mexico.
• So what PROBLEMS does this cause?

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Slavery in the Territories (contd)

• Problems get worse when California wants into the
  Union.
• State Cons. outlawed slavery, angered Southerners.

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Slavery in the Territories (contd)

• Compromise of 1850 (saves war)
• Again worked by Henry Clay.
• 1) California admitted as free state.
• 2) Utah and N.M. territories decide fate.
• 3) Stricter fugitive slave laws. (next big
  issue)
• Kept southerners from secession.

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Protest, Resistance, and Violence

• The new strict fugitive slave laws surprised
  many. (Northerners)
• Start of Underground Railroad
• How did it work?
• Harriet Tubman, famous conductor
• Harriet Beecher Stowe, published Uncle Toms
  Cabin which stressed slavery not political
  contest but moral struggle.

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Protest, Resistance, and Violence (contd)

• Compromise of 1850 brought popular sovereignty to
  some territories, but in Nebraska terr.
• To keep peace Senator Douglas wanted to split
  territory in half Nebraska in the north, Kansas
  in the south, meaning popular sovereignty.
• Finally in 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act passed.

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Protest, Resistance, and Violence (contd)

• Bleeding Kansas, population to point where
  becoming a state but had to vote on slavery
  issue.
• What happen?
• Sumner (north) vs. Butler (south) senators
  fighting over issue
• Leads to new political parties.

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The Birth of the Republican Party

• By 1856, the Whig Party splits over the issue of
  slavery loss of power.
• Final dagger to cause this, in 1852 Whig party
  nominated a Northern means easy victory for
  Franklin Pierce.
• When Whigs split led to brief stint of the
  Know-Nothing Party.

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Slavery and Secession

• President Buchanan was a weak politician, makes
  matters worse.
• Dred Scott, slave from Missouri and owner took
  him to Illinois.
• Supreme Court ruled against Scott since not a
  citizen. (5th Amendment
  Property)

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Slavery and Secession (contd)

• Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• Over Senate seat of Illinois in 1858.
• Douglas seasoned politician Lincoln one-term in
  Congress.
• Same beliefs but Douglas believed in popular
  sovereignty while Lincoln thought slavery
  immoral.

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Douglas / Lincoln
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Slavery and Secession (contd)

• Harpers Ferry, WHAT HAPPEN?
• Election of 1860 Lincoln wins underdog to
  Seward. WHY?
• Easy for Lincoln to defeat Democrats because they
  split.
• Wins with less than half the vote and no
  electoral votes from South.

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Slavery and Secession (contd)

• Lincolns victory convinced the South that the
  federal government had to much control - lost
  voice.
• First state to secede South Carolina more
  followed.
• February, 1861 Confederate States of America
  formed. Jefferson Davis President.