Tobacco

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Tobacco

• Chapter 8
• ???? ____ of new smokers are
  adolescents/teenagers
• ???? Smokers have about a _____ greater risk of
  dying from coronary heart disease when compared
  with lifetime nonsmokers

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Use of Tobacco

• Why People use Tobacco
• Nicotine
• Powerful psychoactive drug
• Reaches Brain via bloodstream in
• seconds
• Most physically addictive of the psychoactive
  drugs.

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Why do people use tobacco?
Hint Its not because they think that it is good
for their health
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Annual Deaths Attributable to Smoking Related
DiseasesText p. 171
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Nicotine Addiction

• Three out of four smokers want to quit
• 60-80 kick the habit at a stop-smoking clinic.
• However, ____start smoking within a year.
• Relapse rate similar to alcoholics and heroin
  addicts.

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Tolerance and Withdrawal

• Using tobacco develops tolerance
• addiction may occur within a couple of days.
• Abstinence from nicotine
• predictable withdrawal symptoms
• Occurs within hours of last dose of nicotine
• Most symptoms pass in 2-3 days.

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Social and Psychological Factors

• Established habits or cues to trigger smoking
• Secondary reinforcers.

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Why Start in the First Place?

• Decreases in usage in the 1980s but a steady
  increase in the 1990s.
• Largest increase was 13- and 14-years old.
• Children and teenagers make-up 90 of all new
  smokers in this country.

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Advertising

• Tobacco spends nearly 6 billion per year.
• 86 of teens prefer the top three most advertised
  brands.
• Joe Camel is more familiar than Mickey Mouse.

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Reverse Advertising.

• Check this out!

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Who Uses Tobacco?

• Characteristics which could increase the
  potential for use.
• A parent or sibling uses tobacco
• Peers use tobacco
• Child comes from blue-collar family
• Child comes from low-income home
• Single parent.
• Performs poorly in school
• Child drops out of school
• Has positive attitudes towards tobacco

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Immediate Effects of Nicotine

• Acts on the brain like cocaine and heroin
• At low doses acts like a stimulant
• Triggers release of chemical messengers in the
  brain epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine
• Can help smoker regulate moods
• Physiological effects

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P. 170 Text
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Health Hazards of Tobacco Smoke

• Contains 50,000 times as many damaging chemicals
  than an equal volume of polluted urban air
• Carcinogen
• Damages the lining of the respiratory tract
• Carbon monoxide - 400 times stronger than what is
  considered safe in the work place.

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The Long-Term Effects

• Cardiovascular Disease
• Lung Cancer and other cancers
• Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
• Emphysema
• Other Respiratory Damage

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Environmental Tobacco SmokeCombination of
Mainstream and Sidestream SmokeDesignated as a
Class A Carcinogen

• Mainstream- Smoke inhaled by the smoker and
  exhaled into the atmosphere
• Sidesteam- Smoke that comes from the end of the
  burning cigarette. Both are designated as a Class
  A Carcinogen U.S. Environmental
  Protection Agency
• ? Primary caregiver smokes 10 cigarettes per day
  
• Measurable amounts of nicotine and
  carcinogens in childs blood
• ?More likely to die from SIDS (Sudden Infant
  Death Syndrome)

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Environmental Tobacco Smokecontains

• Twice the tar and nicotine
• Almost 3Xs the carbon monoxide (replaces oxygen
  in the blood)
• 3 xs the ammonia
• When ammonia enters the body as a result of
  breathing, swallowing or skin contact, it reacts
  with
• water to produce ammonium hydroxide, a corrosive
  chemical that damages body cells
• Causes an estimated 3,000 deaths per year in the
  U.S.

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Smoking In Utero Increases Risk of

• Miscarriage
• Low- Birth Weight
• Delays in physical development and intellectual
  growth
• Children inhale three times more pollutants per
  unit of body weight than adults

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Cigars- The Safe Alternative??!

• A typical cigar contains 13.3 mg of nicotine
• (A cigarette contains 1.1 mg)
• A typical cigar contains 44 mg of tar
• (A cigarette contains 16mg)
• A once-a-day smoker who never inhales is 7 times
• more likely to develop oral cancer than a
  nonsmoker
• National Cancer Institute 1999

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Other Forms of Tobacco

• Spit (Smokeless) Tobacco
• Cigar and Pipes
• Clove cigarettes and Bidis
• There is no safe tobacco.
• There is no safe tobacco.
• There is no safe tobacco.
• There is no safe tobacco.

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Clove Cigarettes
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Cost of Tobacco Use to Society

• Health care costs exceed 70 billion per year.
• Lost productivity from sickness, disability, and
  premature death makes it closer to 125 Billion
  per year.

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Benefits of Quitting

• It is never too late to quit.
• Nicotine Replacement
• Non-Nicotine Medications
• Acupuncture
• Counseling
• Support Group
• The Best strategy is the one(s) that works.