Blood%20

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Blood Blood Types
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Blood The River of Life

• Connective tissue - connects all the body
  systems.
• The average person has between 4-6 L of blood.
• Blood is composed of 4 main components
• Plasma 55
• Red Blood Cells (RBC) 45
• White Blood Cells (WBC) - lt1
• Platelets - lt1

What is Blood? (224min)
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1. Plasma

• 55 of the bloods volume.
• The liquid portion of blood.
• 92 water.
• dissolved proteins and nutrients.
• Yellow in color.

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2. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

• 45 of the bloods volume.
• The most numerous cells in whole blood.
• No nucleus.
• No cell division.
• Produced in the red bone marrow.
• Lifespan of 120 days.
• Looks like a pinched in ball that forms a disc.
• Thin and flexible

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Hemoglobin

• Iron containing protein inside each red blood
  cell.
• This is what makes blood red.
• Binds to 4 oxygen molecules.
• Uses diffusion to pick up and drop off oxygen and
  carbon dioxide through the capillaries.

Hemoglobin Oxygen Transport
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3. White Blood Cells (Leucocytes)

• lt1 of the whole blood.
• Approximately twice the size of red blood cells
  but fewer in number.
• 7001
• Produced in the red bone marrow.
• Fights disease and infection
• Lifespan of a month to years.

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4. Platelets (Thrombocytes)

• lt1 of whole blood.
• Tiny cell fragments that stick to damaged tissue.
• Life savers of the blood.
• At the site of a cut they form a mesh that
• becomes a clot or scab.
• Number is too low excessive bleeding
• Number is too high clotting
• Lifespan of 10 days.

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In A Drop of Blood

• In 1 drop of blood
• 50 million RBC
• 100,000 WBC
• 2.5 million Platelets

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The Lymphatic System

• As blood moves through the capillaries some
  plasma leaks out and bathes the body cells and
  keeps them moist - lymph.
• Too much fluid in the tissue swelling.
• Excess fluid normally reenters the blood stream
  through small vessels in the lymphatic system.
• Prior to entering veins the lymph is filtered by
  lymph nodes to remove any harmful materials.

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Blood Transfusion

• The process of transferring blood from one body
  to another.
• But for 300 years doctors had tried this and more
  often than not their patients would become sicker
  and even die Why?
• Why were some patients Ok after a transfusion and
  why did other patients die?
• Isnt blood universal, all the same?

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Antigens and Antibodies

• About 100 years ago, red blood cells were
  discovered to have proteins on their surface.
• These proteins, antigens, would recognize and
  accept ONLY other proteins that were exactly the
  same.
• If an antigen didnt recognize another protein
  than the antibodies, floating in the blood, would
  attack and kill the foreign protein.
• Cause cells to clump or clot
• Antigens like
• Antibodies kill

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Blood Types

• Blood Type A
• Has A antigens
• Has B antibodies
• Likes blood types A O
• Kills blood types B AB

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Blood Types

• Blood Type B
• Has B antigens
• Has A antibodies
• Likes blood types B O
• Kills blood types A AB

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Blood Types

• Blood Type AB
• Has A B antigens
• Has NO antibodies
• Likes blood types A, B, AB O
• Kills nothing
• Universal Recipient Can receive blood from
  all other blood types.

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Blood Types

• Blood Type O
• Has NO antigens
• Has A B antibodies
• Likes blood types O
• Kills blood types A, B AB
• Universal Donor can donate blood to all other
  blood types!

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Donor Chart
Donor
A B AB O
A
B
AB
O
Recipient
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Rh Factor

• A second type of antigen found on the surface of
  red blood cells Rh factor.
• If you are said to have an Rh antigen you would
  be called Rh positive, ().
• Likes other () and (-) Rh factors of compatible
  blood types.
• If you lack the Rh antigen you would be called Rh
  negative, (-).
• Likes ONLY other (-) Rh factors of compatible
  blood types.

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Donor Chart with Rh Factors
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Most Common
Mrs. Fulton
Rarest
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Blood Typing
AB
B

• _____________
• Anti- Anti- Anti-
• A Rh B

• 2. _____________
• Anti- Anti- Anti-
• A Rh B

No No No Clot Clot Clot
Clot No No Clot Clot
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Blood Typing
A-
A

• 3. _____________
• Anti- Anti- Anti-
• A Rh B

• 4. _____________
• Anti- Anti- Anti-
• A Rh B

No Clot Clot Clot
No No Clot Clot Clot
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Blood Typing
O
AB-

• 5. _____________
• Anti- Anti- Anti-
• A Rh B

• 6. _____________
• Anti- Anti- Anti-
• A Rh B

Clot No Clot Clot
No Clot No Clot
Clot
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Blood Typing
O-
B-

• 7. _____________
• Anti- Anti- Anti-
• A Rh B

• 8. _____________
• Anti- Anti- Anti-
• A Rh B

Clot Clot Clot
Clot Clot No Clot