WHI: SOL 3a-e Mesopotamia

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WHI SOL 3a-e Mesopotamia

• Early River Valley Civilizations

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Akkad

• Sargon-ruler of Akkad, conquered and invaded
  neighboring city-states (2300 b.c.e.)
• 1st empire in history- empire a group of cities
  or states controlled by one ruler
• After Sargons death the empire was conquered and
  fell

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Babylon

• 1790 b.c.e Hammurabi King of Babylon brought most
  of the Sumerian region under his control
• Known for Code of Hammurabi
• Established set of laws
• 1st to codify a set of laws- codify to arrange
  and set down in writing
• Code dealt with civil law (private
  matters-business, property, divorce, marriage,
  taxes, etc.)
• Code also dealt with criminal law (offenses
  against others-murder, robbery, assault)

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Hittites

• Moved out of Asia Minor in 1400 b.c.
• brought knowledge of how to extract (get out)
  iron from ore
• Tools and weapons made of iron were harder, had
  sharper edges than those of bronze or copper
• After their empire collapsed, ironsmiths
  travelled and spread the knowledge to Asia,
  Africa, and Europe
• Ushered in Iron Age

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Assyria

• Among most feared warriors in history
• Conquered many regions
• Well-ordered society
• Extensive library
• Extreme wealth for royals

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New Babylon(Chaldea)

• Nebuchadnezzar- rebuilt the city of Babylon
• 85 ft. high walls, large moat
• Hanging Gardens of Babylon (once one of the 7
  wonders of the world)
• Rebuilt a magnificent ziggurat

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Phoenicians

• Located along the eastern Mediterranean Sea
• Sea traders
• Traded glass (made from sand) and purple dye for
  tin and European goods
• Established colonies in N. Africa, Sicily, and
  Spain
• Carriers of civilization created an alphabet
  based on sound (i.e. Phonics, phonetic)

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Israel(Judaism)

• Origins
• Abraham (founder) made a covenant (a promise or
  agreement) with God
• Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt,
  gave them the 10 Commandments
• Jerusalem main city, part of the promised land
  of Canaan, rebuilt by Solomon captured by various
  empires over time, still disputed

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Israel

• Beliefs, traditions, and customs
• Belief in one God (monotheism)
• Torah, which contains the written records and
  beliefs of the Jews
• Ten Commandments, which state moral and religious
  conduct
• Patriarchal, men hold greatest legal and moral
  authority

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Israel

• Spread of Judaism
• Exile- to force out
• Diaspora- the spreading of the Jewish people all
  over the world

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