ANS VS PNS

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ANS VS PNS

• Melanie Pacheco
• Signey Mojica
• Karina Benitez
• Valeria Valdez

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Central Nervous System

• Organs divided into two major groups
• Brain and Spinal Cord
• Responsible for sending and
• receiving information

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Peripheral Nervous System

• Includes
• 1) Cranial nerves that come from the Brain
• 2)Spinal Nerves that come from the Spinal cord
• Subdivided into
• Somatic Nervous System
• Autonomic Nervous System

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Somatic Nervous System

• Voluntary Muscle Movements
• Muscular movements and sensation
• Contains two major types of Neurons
• 1) Sensory Neurons(Afferent)
• 2) Motor Neurons(Efferent)
• The neurons of SNS project from the CNS into the
  muscles and sensory organs. It is a direct path
  with synapses to connect nearby neurons.

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Automatic Nervous System

• Controlled and part of PNS
• Involuntary Muscle Movements
• Regulates glands, cardiac, and smooth muscle by
  returning them back to homeostasis just like the
  reflex arc
• Divided Into
• 1) Sympathetic Nervous System Fight or Flight
  
• 2) Parasympathetic Nervous System Rest and
  Digest

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AUTONOMIC V.S SOMATIC
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Reflex Arc

• Stimulus a change in the environment
• Response react to the change in the environment
• Receptors cells specialized to react to a
  specific stimulus

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Cont.

• Reflexes Help Maintain Homeostasis By
  Controlling
• Heart Rate
• Breathing Rate
• Blood Pressure
• Digestion

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Sympathetic Divisions

• Location thoratic and lumbar spinal cord
• Helps the body when it is in need of energy,
  under stress, and in emergency situation
• Does this by
• increases blood pressure
• decrease digestion
• Increase heart beat
• (fight or flight process)
• Structure used
• Adrenal gland
• Gray rami
• Sympathetic trunks
• Sympathetic chain ganglia

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Sympathetic Ganglia Chain

• Deliver information to
• the body
• Located in the spinal
• cord and extend
• from the upper neck down
• to the coccyx.

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Preganglionic Fibers

• Nerve fibers that connect the central nervous
  system to ganglia
• Sympathetic preganglionic fibers tend to be
  shorter than parasympathetic fibers and
  sympathetic fibers tend to form more synapses
  than parasympathetic fibers.

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Postganglionic Fibers

• In the autonomic nervous system, fibers from the
  ganglion to the effector organ are called
  postganglionic fibers.
• Postganglionic fibers in the sympathetic division
  are adrenergic and use norepinephrine as a
  neurotransmitter.
• Postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic
  division are cholinergic and use acetylcholine as
  a neurotransmitter.

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Parasympathetic Division

• Location in sacral region of the spinal cord
• Allows the body to go back to the resting state
• Counterbalances sympathetic division
• Returns to homeostasis
• Structures used
• Parathyroid gland
• Submandibular gland
• Sublingual gland

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• Neurotransmitters
• Receptors

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Regulation

• Reflex centers receive sensory impulses from the
  viscera, and use autonomic nervous pathways to
  stimulate a motor response from the muscles or
  gland.
• The hypothalamus helps regulate the body
  temperature, hunger, and electrolyte pathways.
• The limbic system and cerebral cortex controls
  the autonomic nervous system during emotional
  stress.

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Termination

• Acetyl Cholinesterase decomposes the
  acetylcholine and the acetylcholine affects the
  post synaptic membrane
• Then norepinephrine is released from cholinergic
  fibers that go back to the presynaptic neurons.

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