Structural Systems

1
Structural Systems

• Obj. 1.01
• Describe structural systems and its importance to
  society

2
What are structural systems?

• Structures (buildings) that support our basic
  needs.

3
Types of structural systems

• Residential
• Commercial
• Civil
• Public Works

4
Residential

• Single family housing consists of one family unit
  per structure.
• Multi family housing is either duplex or
  apartment type
• Examples
• House
• Apartment
• condominium

5
Commercial

• Any structure relating to commerce, the sale of
  items.
• Examples
• Mall
• Target
• Bank
• Factory

6
Civil

• Bridges
• Dams
• Tunnels
• Roads

7
Public Works

• Structures open for public use
• Examples
• Sewage
• Power plant
• Hydro-electric

8
Evolution of Structural Systems

• Nomadic period
• Agricultural period
• Industrial period
• Information period

9
Nomadic Period

• People constantly moved in search of food
• Portable structures were used

10
Agricultural Period

• People learned to cultivate crops and were able
  to settle in one place
• Structures became permanent
• Inventions such as the plow, cart and water
  wheels started the exchange of goods and services
• Leonardo DaVinci was a major structural designer
  and inventor during this period

11
Industrial Period

• After the Industrial Revolution people started to
  settle in larger urban areas
• Structures changed from single-family to
  multi-family
• Skyscrapers developed
• Mass transit became necessary
• People were no longer able to produce most of
  their necessities and had to purchase them
  outside the home

12
Major Structural Designers

• B. Fuller
• The Geodesic Dome
• F.L. Wright
• Falling Water
• John Roebling
• Brooklyn Bridge

13
Information Period

• After World War II, interstate highways were
  developed and often divided neighborhoods
• Pre-fabricated housing developed
• Made housing affordable for veterans and their
  families
• Middle/upper class families moved outside the
  city into the suburbs
• Need for personal transportation increased

14
How are structural systems analyzed?

• Universal Systems Model
• Input
• Process
• Output
• Feedback

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Inputs

• People
• Information
• Money
• Energy
• Tools
• Machines
• Materials
• Time

16
Processes

• Separating
• Combining
• Forming

17
Outputs

• Structures
• New knowledge and techniques
• Impacts(effects)

18
Feedback

• Monitoring and adjusting