MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
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(Corpus spongiosum)
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Ductuli
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TESTIS
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TESTIS

• Stroma
• 1- Tunica vaginalis.
• 2- Tunica albuginea.
• 3- Tunica vasculosa.
• 4- Septa.
• 5- Interstitial tissue.
• (B) Parenchyma
• 1- Seminiferous tubules.
• 2- Interstitial cells of Leydig.

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STROMA OF THE TESTIS
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TUNICA VAGINALIS

• It is the visceral layer of serous sac.
• It is formed of mesothelial cells.
• It is found in the anterior lateral surfaces
• of the testis.

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TUNICA ALBUGINEA

• Dense irregular collagenous C.T.

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TUNICA VASCULOSA

• It is formed of loose vascular C.T.
• Lininig The Tunica albuginea
• And surrounding the septa.

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SEPTA OF THE TESTIS

• Dense irregular collagenous C.T.
• Incomplete non-branching septa.
• Radiate from mediastinum testis.
• Divide the testis into about 250
  intercommunicating compartments
• (testicular lobules lobuli testis).

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INTERSTITIAL TISSUE

• Loose vascular C.T. in between the
• seminiferous tubules.
• Contents
• 1- Loose vascular C.T. (mention).
• 2- Interstitial cells of Leydig.

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INTERSTITIAL TISSUE
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PARENCHYMA OF THE TESTIS

• Seminiferous tubules.
• Interstitial cells of Leydig.

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INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF LEYDIG(L/M)

• Are rounded or polygonal.
• Are found singly or in groups.
• Nucleus
• Central, rounded, vesicular
• With prominent nucleolus.
• Some cells are binucleated.
• Cytoplasm Pale, acidophilic vacuolated.

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INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF LEYDIG(E/M)

• Abundant sER.
• Mitochondria Numerous,
• With tubular cristae.
• Numerous lipid droplets.
• Some rER.
• Crystals of Reinke.
• FUNCTION
• Secrete testosterone.

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SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

• 1-4 seminiferous tubules in each testicular
  lobule.
• Each is lined with seminiferous epithelium.
• Seminiferous epithelium contains 2 types
• of cells
• 1- Spermatogenic cells (are germ cells).
• 2- Sertoli cells (are somatic cells).
• Each is surrounded by
• 1- Basement membrane.
• 2- Tunica propria
• C.T. layer (collagen fibers
  fibroblasts) which
• contains 1-2 layers of Myoid cells.
• Myoid cells are not found in man.

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SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE
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SERTOLI CELLS
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SERTOLI CELL (E/M)
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SERTOLI CELL (L/M)

• Are tall columnar cells (or pyramidal cells).
• Have ill-defined lateral cell boundaries.
• apex.
• Nucleus Basal,
• Vesicular,
• Irregular (why? Infoldings),
• With prominent nucleolus.
• Cytoplasm Pale basophilic.

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SERTOLI CELLS (E/M)

• sER
• rER limited
• Golgi apparatus well-developed
• Mitochondria Numerous
• Lysosomes Numerous
• Cytoskeletal elements Abundant
• Crystalloids of Charcott-Boettcher
• Occluding junctions (Zonula type)

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SERTOLI CELLS

• Functions
• 1- Support Nutrition of spermatogenic cells.
• 2- Phagocytosis.
• 3- Secretion Testicular fluid,
• ABP,
• Inhibin H.
• 4- Formation of blood-testis barrier.

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SERTOLI CELLS

• Dividability
• Can not divide in reproductive period.

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BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER

• It is composed by attachment of processes of the
  lateral borders of adjacent Sertoli cells by
  zonula occluding (tight) junctions.
• It divides spermatogenic cells into 2
  compartments
• 1- Basal compartment contains spermatogonia.
• 2- Adluminal compartment
• contains the other spermatogenic cells.
• Function
• 1- It prevents autoimmune infertility.
• 2- It protects spermatocytes from drugs and
  toxic
• materials.

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SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE
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SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE
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SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE
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SPERMATOGENIC CELLS

• (1) Spermatogonia
• - Type A Spermatogonia
• Dark
  type A
• Pale
  type A
• - Type B Spermatogonia.
• (2) 1ry Spermatocytes.
• (3) 2ry Spermatocytes.
• (4) Spermatids early late.
• (5) Spermatozoa.

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SPERMIOGENESIS
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SPERMIOGENESIS

• Definition
• Transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa.
• Features
• 1- Formation of acrosome.
• 2- Nucleus
• Condensation, elongation, slight
  flattening,
• acrosomal cap (head cap).
• 3- Development of flagellum.
• 4- Formation of mitochondrial sheath.
• 5- Loss of much cytoplasm
• Cytoplasmic residual bodies?
• Are phagocytosed by Sertoli cells.

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INTRATESTICULAR GENITAL DUCTS
Ductuli
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INTRATESTICULAR GENITAL DUCTS

• 1- Tubuli recti.
• 2- Rete testis.
• 3- Ductuli efferentes (Vasa efferentia).

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TUBULI RECTI

• Epithelium
• Initial segment Sertoli-like cells.
• Distal segment simple cuboidal epith.

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RETE TESTIS

• Epithelium
• Simple cuboidal epithelium.

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DUCTULI EFFERENTES

• No 10-20.
• Structure
• 1- Epithelium
• Patches of simple cuboidal cells (Absorptive)
• alternating with regions of
• ciliated columnar cells.
• 2- C.T. layer with few circularly-arranged SMFs.

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EXTRATESTICULAR GENITAL DUCTS
(Corpus spongiosum)
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EXTRATESTICULAR GENITAL DUCTS

• 1- Ductus epididymis.
• 2- deferens (Vas deferens).
• 3- Ejaculatory duct.

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EPIDIDYMIS
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EPIDIDYMIS
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EPIDIDYMIS(DUCTUS EPIDIDYMIS)

• Head Body Tail.
• Structure
• Epithelium
• Ps. Str. Col. E. with stereocilia.
• (E/M of stereocilia
• Long, branched, non-motile microvilli).
• (2) Basal lamina.
• (3) Loose C.T.
• (4) Layer of circularly-arranged SMFs.

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Vas (ductus) Deferens
V
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DUCTUS DEFERENS(VAS DEFERENS)

• (1) Epithelium
• Ps. Str. Col. E with stereocilia
• (2) Basal lamina.
• (3) Loose C.T. (Loose fibroelastic C.T.).
• N.B. Lumen is irregular- why? Mucosa has
  longitudinal folds.
  
• (4) Thick smooth muscle coat ( 3 layers)
• Inner longitudinal muscle
  layer.
• Middle circular
  .
• Outer longitudinal
  .
• (5) Adventitia Loose fibroelastic C.T.
• N.B. Ampulla has highly folded, thickened
  epithelium.

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EJACULATORY DUCT

• Epithelium
• Simple columnar epithelium.
• (2) Subepithelial C.T. is folded.
• N.B. No smooth muscle in its wall.

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ACCESSORY GENITAL GLANDS

• 1- Seminal vesicles (one pair).
• 2- Prostate.
• 3- Bulbourethral glands ( one pair).

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SEMINAL VESICLE
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SEMINAL VESICLE
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SEMINAL VESICLE

• (1) Mucosa is highly convoluted.
• -Epithelium Ps. Str. Col. E.
• -Subepith. C.T. Fibroelastic C.T.
• (2) Muscle coat
• -Inner circular layer.
• -Outer longitudinal layer.
• (3) Adventitia Fibroelastic C.T.
• N.B. Seminal fluid produced by seminal vesicles
• -Is fructose-rich fluid.
• -Is viscous fluid.
• -Is pale yellow ( due to lipochrome
  pigments).
• -Represent 70 of the semen (ejaculate).

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PROSTATE
(Main Zone)

(Submucosal Zone)

(Mucosal Zone)
Most benign prostatic hyperplasia
Major site of prostatic cancer
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PROSTATE
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PROSTATE
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PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS(CORPORA AMYLACEA)
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PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS (CORPORA AMYLACEA)
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PROSTATE
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PROSTATE

• It is formed of 30-50 compound tubuloalveolar
  glands, which are arranged in 3 discrete,
• concentric layers (zones)
• 1- Mucosal glands.
• 2- Submucosal glands.
• 3- Main glands.
• It secretes serous, white fluid rich in
• 1- Acid phosphatase.
• 2- Proteolytic enzymes.
• 3- Citric acid.
• 4- Fibrinolysin.

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PROSTATE

• L/M
• Stroma
• 1- Capsule (thin fibromuscular capsule)
• Dense irregular collagenous C.T. SMFs.
• 2- Septa (Indistinct in adult men)
• Are thick complete fibromuscular septa.
• 3- Stroma in between acini (fibromuscular
  stroma)
• Richly vascular Dense irregular collagenous
  C.T. SMFs.

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PROSTATE

• L/M
• (B) Parenchyma
• 1- Prostatic acini
• - Lining Simple Col. or Ps. Str. Col.
  E.
• - Prostatic concretions.
• 2- Duct system.

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PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS (CORPORA AMYLACEA)

• Spherical or oval bodies of glycoproteins in the
  lumen of some prostatic acini.
• Often are calcified.
• Their No. increases with aging.

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BULBOURETHERAL GLANDS(COWPERS GLANDS)

• Capsule
• Fibroelastic C.T. SMFs Sk.MFs.
• (2) Septa
  .
• Septa divide each gland into lobules.
• (3) Epithelium
• Mucus-secreting simple cuboidal epith.
• or simple columnar epith.
• N.B. They are compound tubuloalveolar glands.
• They empty into the membranous urethra.

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PENIS
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Spongiosum
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PENIS

• Two corpora cavernosa.
• One corpus spongiosum.
• Glans penis.
• Prepuce is lined with mucous membrane.
• (Epith. moist str. Sq. non-ker. E.).
• Erectile tissue of penis
• Numerous vascular spaces (variably-shaped)
• separated by trabeculae of C.T. SMFs.

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BEST WISHES
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TESTIS

• 1- Tunica albuginea
• Mediastinum testis
• 2- Incomplete septa
• 3- Tunica vaginalis
• 4- Testicular lobules
• Seminiferous tubules (No. 1-4/lobule)
• Loose vascular C.T. (Interstitial Tissue)
• With interstitial cells (Leydig cells)

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SPERMATOGENESIS
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VAS DEFERENS (RABBIT)
Inner circular
Outer longitudinal
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PROSTATE
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