Allied Morale/Success

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Allied Morale/Success
10. Normandy
1. Treaty of Versailles- Germany is punished
High
3. Hitler crushes Poland
WWI Trench Warfare
2. Germany, Japan, and Italy start breaking the
Treaty of Versailles- World Wide Depression
4. Hitler crushes France in less than 3 months
5. London is bombed
6. German General Rommel pushes allies out of all
of North Africa except Egypt
9. American victories in the Pacific, vitory in
North Africa, Italian campaign,
7. Operation Barbarossa
8. Pearl Harbor
8. Russian Winter
Low
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944
1945
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Turning Points
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But First- Understanding Fronts

• Eastern, Western, Southern, Pacific
• Axis has been winning on all of them
• Between 1941 and 1943, most fronts turned in the
  allies favor

Eastern
Western
Southern
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Eastern Front

• It is true that the Nazis quickly got deep into
  the Soviet Union
• They surrounded the three main Soviet cities
  Leningrad, Stalingrad, and Moscow
• However, the Soviets wouldnt give in
• Hitler ordered sieges

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Siege of Leningrad

• St. Petersberg
• 900 days
• 2 slices of bread a day
• In Jan. Feb. 1943 200,000 people starved
• People ate leather briefcases and put sawdust in
  bread

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Stalingrad

• Soviets managed to wait for General Winter
• Sometimes history does repeat itself
• Hitler refused to back down
• Stalingrad became symbolic. Why?
• For the Soviet Union, the war becomes one of
  survival
• Stalin focuses on NATIONALISM, not loyalty to
  COMMUNISM
• In the end, the Soviets won the battle for
  Stalingrad.
• They surrounded and captured an entire German
  army
• General Paulus story (if time)
• This is THE key turning point of World War II

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On January 24, 1942, -56c degrees was measured
at our division observation post.
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Why was Stalingrad key, you ask?
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Pacific Front

• Pearl Harbor- Ive already talked about this as
  an Axis victory, but why was it also a turning
  point?
• Like in WWI, U.S. was the most powerful economy
  not involved
• Pearl Harbor pulled this industrial might into
  the war on the Allied side
• Hitler was actually kind of pissed off at the
  Japanese

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Europe First!

• Difficulty in forging an alliance between U.S.
  and Britain on the one hand and the Soviet Union
  on the other
• Basic modus operandi (way of functioning)
• Military before political
• Unconditional surrender

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Doolittle Raids

• Not on your note-taking sheet

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Midway

• It took the U.S. a while to rebuild their fleet
• Aircraft Carriers were the key weapons in the
  Pacific
• In the Battle of Midway, the U.S. intercepted
  Japanese messages (theyd broken Japanese codes)
  and set a trap
• U.S. Plan
• Let Japan bomb Midway and do little to fight back
  (they were hiding on aircraft carriers)
• Then, when the Japanese airplanes were returning
  to their carriers the U.S. attacked, sinking four
  carriers
• Why was this a good time to attack?
• Each side only has like 9 aircraft carriers, so
  sinking 4 is a pretty big deal
• A U.S. victory in the Pacific is almost
  guaranteed from here on out, as U.S. production
  can easily outpace Japans

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Douglas MacArthur

• Commander of U.S. forces in the Pacific

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Southern Front

• Germans took over much of Northern Africa during
  their early victories under Hitlers favorite
  General, Erwin Rommel (the Desert Fox)
• Allies eventually won a major victory at El
  Alamein in Egypt and forced the Axis out of North
  Africa
• This gave the Allies a place from which to launch
  an invasion of Italy

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Western Front

• Least important (before D-Day)
• Stalin begged and begs for a second front
• Why?
• Africa and Italy are too small for Stalin
• The Allies stalled
• Amphibious assaults are difficult
• Remember, Hitler couldnt get into England either
• Also, Why stop Stalin and Hitler from wiping each
  other out?
• Allies did manage to win the War of the
  Atlantic.
• Hitler uses U-Boats to try to siege England
• U.S. and Britain develop the Convoy System

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