Chapter 25 Notes

1
Chapter 25 Notes

• Human Geography of South Asia A Region of
  Contrasts

2
Section 1 India

• India- ancient culture, over 4,000 years old
• Blending of many different cultures traditions
• Many invaders empires came to power in the
  region

3
Section 1 India
East India Company Flag

• By the 1500s Europeans were trading with India
  for spices cloth.
• Great Britain began to dominate this trade,
  through its company the British East India
  Company.

4
Section 1 India

• By 1857 Great Britain controlled all of India.
• This period is known as the Raj (lasted for 90
  years)

5
Section 1 India

• Eventually Indians began to resist the British
  occupation. (struggle for independence,
  1916-1945)
• They were led by Mohandas Gandhi
• Advocate of mass nonviolent resistance-
• Protest movement that does not use violence to
  achieve its goals

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Section 1 India

• Gandhi cont.-
• Advocated an end to the Caste system
• British educated lawyer
• Made own clothes (why?)
• Imprisoned many times
• Commonly used hunger fasts as a resistance tool
• Forced the British from India in August, 1947
• Inspiration for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.s
  tactics in the Civil Rights movement

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Republic of India

• 28 states and 7 union territories
• State- local government
• Union Territory- run directly by national
  government

8
Section 1 India

• India is the worlds largest democracy
• ? 1.1 billion people
• Strongly Hindu country but
• Over 150 million Muslims
• Source of conflict?

One of the new 7 wonders of the world- Taj Mahal
9
Section 1 India

• Land Reform- more balanced distribution of land
  among farmers
• Proposal to redistribute land.
• 1990s 25 of farmland was in the hands of
  powerful 5 of farm families

10
Section 1 India

• Green Revolution- increasing of crop yields by
  introducing higher-yielding grain varieties
  teaching better farming techniques to farmers.
• Introduced in late 1960s early 1970s
• Dramatically improved the amount of food
  available for the poor.

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Section 1 India
Bollywood is the largest film producer in India
and one of the largest centers of film production
in the world.

• Modern Life-
• Most marriages are arranged
• Divorce is rare
• Very common for extended family to all live under
  one roof.
• Most are vegetarians
• Has largest film industry in the world.
• Public affection is discouraged

Aishwarya Rai
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Section 1 India

• Languages of India
• 18 major languages
• More than 1,000 are spoken
• English is common in business areas.
• Hindi is the official language

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Section 1 India

• Hinduism
• 80 of population
• Reincarnation
• Karma- moral consequences of a persons actions
  (help to determine how a person is reincarnated)

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Section 1 India

• Caste system- system of social classes
• Born into a specific caste
• Only marry within your caste
• Only move to a different caste through
  reincarnation

15
RELIGION
16
Section 2 Pakistan Bangladesh

• Indus Valley Civilization- largest of the worlds
  first civilizations
• Began around 2500 B.C.
• Fell around 1500 B.C.
• Aryans invaded soon after (from north of Iran)
• Mauryan, Gupta, Mughal empire rule territory
  later on

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PAKISTAN (AT PARTITION)
India
West Pakistan
East Pakistan
Independence Division- Britain divided up India
into a Hindu nation (India) and a Muslim nation
(East West Pakistan)
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Section 2 Pakistan Bangladesh

• Partition- division of British India
• Led to much violence between Hindus Muslims
• 1 million died
• 10 million moved to new areas
• By 1971 a civil war broke out and the new nation
  of Bangladesh was formed.

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Section 2 Pakistan Bangladesh

• Kashmir- small territory in northern India that
  both Pakistan India claim as there own
• Muslim population but had Hindu Maharaja at time
  of partition
• Joined India
• 3 Wars over the territory
• Both sides have nuclear weapons

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Section 2 Pakistan Bangladesh

• Microcredit- very small loans that are made
  available to entrepreneurs
• Entrepreneur- people who start build a business
• Effective way of getting poor workers out of
  poverty

21
Section 2 Pakistan Bangladesh

• Pakistan Bangladesh- most are Muslim
• Key parts of Muslim Mughal Empire
• Ramadan- month-long period of fasting from
  sunrise to sunset.

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Section 3 Nepal Bhutan

• Nepal Bhutan-
• Geographically isolated, because of their
  mountainous terrain
• Difficult to conquer /or visit in its history

23
Section 3 Nepal Bhutan

• Nepal Bhutan
• Both are Constitutional Monarchies-
• Kingdom in which the rulers powers are limited
  by a constitution
• Both are very poor have limited resources

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Section 3 Nepal Bhutan

• Sherpas- people of Nepal of Tibetan ancestry
• Renowned mtn. climbers pack carriers

25
Section 3 Nepal Bhutan

• Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)- born on the borders
  of Nepal India in the 6th century
• Founder of Buddhism

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Section 3 Nepal Bhutan

• Buddhists in Bhutan use Mandalas-
• Geometric designs that are symbols of the
  universe aid in meditation.

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Section 4 Sri Lanka the Maldives

• Sinhalese- Buddhist people from India that
  settled in Sri Lanka (majority)
• Tamils- Dravidian Hindu people from southern
  India that settled in Sri Lanka (minority)
• Civil War has been taking place on off since
  the 1980s between these groups

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Section 4 Sri Lanka the Maldives

• The Maldives-
• Population of only about 300,000 on over 1200
  islands
• Ruled by Sultans- Muslim Rulers