(??%20????:%20Cheloniidae)%20-%20??%20????%20???%20?????????.

1
????? ?????? ??????
???? ?????
2
?? ?? (?? ???? Cheloniidae) - ?? ???? ???
?????????. ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???????
???????? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ?????
????? ?????. ??? ???, ????? ???? ????, ?????? ???
????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ??????, ??? ?????
??? ?????, ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????
?????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????.
????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????, ?? ?? ??? ??? ??
????. ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ???
??? ?????? ?? ????, ???? ?????????, ??? ????? ??
?????? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????
????? ?? ???? ??? ????? (??? ???? ???? ????
?????). ??? ????? ???, ????? ????? ?? ??????
??????? ?????? ???? ????. ?????? ?????? ????
????, ?????? ???????, ??????? ????, ????? ?????
?? ???.
3
???? ???? ?? ??? ??
Family Cheloniidae ???? ????? Chelonia mydas or
green turtle ?? ?? ???? - Eretmochelys imbricata
or hawksbill turtle - ?? ?? ???? Natator
depressus or flatback Turtle Caretta caretta or
Loggerhead Sea Turtle ?? ?? ??? Lepidochelys
kempii or Kemp's Ridley turtle Lepidochelys
olivacea or Olive Ridley turtle Family
Dermochelyidae ???? ?????? Dermochelys coriacea
or leatherback turtle ?? ?? ?????-
4
????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????
????? ??-?? ??? (Caretta caretta), ??-?? ????
(Chelonia mydas) ???-?? ???? (Eretmochelys
imbricata) ?????? ?????? ????? ????? (??????
???????? ??? ??????, ?????? ????? ???? ?????
????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????, ?? ?? ?????
??????). ?? ????? ?? ??-??? ????? ???? ???? ??
????? ??? ???, ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? -
Dermochelyidae
Chelonia mydas
5
????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? (????????) ???
???? ???????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???
????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ?????
??????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????
????? ????, ???? ?? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ??
????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????, ??????,
??????? ?? ????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????
?????? ????? ?????.  ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????
????? ??. ????? ??????????? (?????? ?????? ????)
?????? ??? ???, ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????.
?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????. ?????
??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????
??????. ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????
????? ?????? ????? ???? ????.
6
Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle
Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle ?? ?? ???
Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle ?? ?? ????
Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle ??
?? ????
Lepidochelys kempii Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtl
Natator depressus Flatback Sea Turtle
Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle ??
?? ?????
7
????? ???? ?????? ??????, ???, ?????? ??? ?????
?????? ???? ?????, ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???
????? ?????. ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? (????
?????? ????? ????) ??? ?? ?????. ??????? ???????
?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????. ??????
????? ???? ???? ??, ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????
???????. ???? ????? ????? ???. ???? ??????? ??
????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????. ???? ??
??? ???? ??? ????, ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ????
???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????
????? ?? ?????? ??? ????. ?????? ?? ????? ????
???? ????? ?????? ??? ????, ??????? ????? ?????
?? ??? ??????, ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????
????? ???? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ?-15-20 ????. ????
?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ????.
????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???-????
??????. ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????, ?? ????
?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????,?? ?? 110
?????? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??
?????? ?? ?????.
8
????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ???
??-?? ????, ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?-1.4 ?'. ????
???? ????? ??? ??-?? ???, ?????? ???? ?-400 ?"?
?????.   ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????. ??????,
??-??? ????? ??? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????.
??-??? ???? ??? ????, ???-??? ????? ??? ????????
(????-??).
9
????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????,
?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????,
?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????
????. ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????, ??? ???
???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????.
????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????. ??????
???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????, ???? ????
??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??????
????? ????? ????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????
??? ???.
10
Leatherback turtle tracks on beach
??? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????
???? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????,
??????? ?? ???. ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??
????????? ????? ?? ?-28 ?????. ?? ??? ????? ????
??? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????, ?? ?? ?????
??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????
??????.
11
???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???, ????
??? ????? ????? ????, ???? ??? ?????. ??? ?????
?? 200 ????? ?????, ????? ??? ????? 3 ?? 4 ?????
????? ??? (????? ???????? ????????). ??????
????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????, ?? ?? ??
????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ???? ???? ??
?????? ???? ?????? ????.
12
???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????. ????? ???????
?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????, ???? ?????
????. ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???,
?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ?? ?? ???????
?????, ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????????, ??? ??
?????? ?? ???, ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????
????? ?? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????
????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ?????
???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????, ????? ?????
??????? ????? ?????, ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??
??? ????? ?????.
13
???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??
??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?? ??-??? ?????
???? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ?????? ?????
?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???. ??? ?????? ??????
???? ????? ????, ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ??
?????? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ???? ?? ?????,
??????? ???? (Carey), ????? ????? ??? ?????
??????, ??????? ???????? ?????. ?? ??? ????,
?????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??.

Green Turtle on Wharf at Key West
14
????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? Karey))
15
?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????
????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??????????
?????? ??????. ??? ???? 1950 ???? ???? ????????
??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????
?? ????????? ??? ???, ??? ????? ?? ??????. ????
?????, ????, ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???
????? ????? ???, ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ??? ???
?????? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???
????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????, ???
??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????
?????? ????.
16
?? ?? ????? (?? ???? Dermochelys coriacea) ???
??? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ???? "????" ??
??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????. ????? ???? ??? ??
?????? ????? ????? ?? 2.7 ???, ?????? ?? 900 ?"?.
?????? ???? ????? ???? (??? ????? ??????,
??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????). ???-???? ???? ????
??????, ????? ????? ?? ??. ??? ????? ???? ???
????? ????????, ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????.
17
?? ?? ????? (?? ???? Dermochelys coriacea)
18
?? ?? ?????
19
?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????.
20
?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????
????? ????? ????? ???? 2006. ?? ?? ??? ??? ????
????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????.
21
??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???????
??????? ?? ???? ???, ????? ??????. ?????? ???
??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??
??? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????
(????? ?? ????? ????? ??????), ????? ???????????
????????, ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???????
?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????
??? "????? ?????? - ?????? ?????? ?? ?-IUCN".
????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????
????? ?????? (VU), ????? ????? ????? (EN) ??????
????? ????? ????? (CR). ?????, ?????? ????? ??
??????? ?????? ??? ??? 1500 ??????, ??? ???????
?? ????? ?????? ????. ?? ?????? ??????? ??????
???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????
?????????. ??? ?????? ??????, ????? ???? CITES
(?????), ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??
???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????????. ???? ??????
????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
?????? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????
?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????.
22
???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????
?????? (IUCN) ?? ??????? ?????. ??????
???????? ??????? ?? (??? ?? ??????? ???? ????
???? ??????) ????? ???? (Lower risk)
??? ??? (Least Concern LC) - ???????? ??
??????? ????? ???? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ????
???? ?? ????. ???? ????? (Near Threatened NT)
- ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????
??????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????, ??? ??????
????? ??? ????? ?????.
23
????? (Threatened) ???? (Vulnerable VU) -
???????? ?????? ??-?? ????? ??????????, ????????
?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????
?????????? ???? ?? ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ??
???? ????????? ?? ???? ?? (?????? ??????, ??? ???
????? ???'), ???? ?????? ???????, ????????? ????
?? ??????, ????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?"????" ??
????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????
?????? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ?????
(Endangered EN) - ???????? ?????? ??-?? ?????
??????????, ????? ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????
????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????
????. ????, ??? ?????? ???? VU ??? ????? ??????
??????? ???? ??? ?-1000. ????? ?????? ???? EN ???
????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? 250. ????? ????? ?????
(Critically Endangered CR) - ???????? ??????
??-?? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? VU ?- EN, ??????
?????? ??? ????, ???????? ??-?? ????? ???? ????
?????? ???? ????. ??????, ???? ?????? ???????? ??
???? ???? ?? 50 (????? 1000 ?? 250 ??????
???????).
24
????? (Extinction) ???? ???? (Extinct in
the Wild EW) - ??? ????? ???? ????? ????, ?? ??
???? ?? ????? ????? ????, ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????
???? ?? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????
?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??
??????? ???, ??? ????? ?????? (?????, ??????,
?????) ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????, ??????? ???
??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ?????? ????? ?? ??
?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??. ????
(Extinct EX) - ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????
????? ????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????,
????? ???? "???? ????" (EW).
25
?? ?? ???? (?? ???? Chelonia mydas) ??? ??? ??
?? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??
???? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ?-1.4 ?????, ??????
?-200 ?????????. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
??, ?? ?? ????? ????????. ???? ?????? ??? ?????
?? ??? 140 ?-200.
Chelonia mydas -Hawaiian variety
26
?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????
27
Female green turtle nesting on a beach
???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????
28
Green Sea Turtles, Chelonia mydas getting back
to the ocean leaving a track.
C. mydas heading for the ocean on a beach at the
Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park
29
- Baby Chelonia mydas ????? ?? ?? ?? ????
30
??? ?? ????? ????????-?????? ???? ??? ????? ??
???-?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??-??? ????
???-??? ?????, ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????,
?????? ??? ??????? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ???
?????? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ???????? ?????
????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????, ?????????
???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????,
???? ??? ?????? ????????. ???? ???? ??????? ????
?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
?????? ???? ?????? ???"? ????????. ?? ???, ?????
???? ????? ?? ???-???, ????? ????? ??????
???????? ?? ????, ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????.
??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??
????? ?? ???- ?? ??????. ?? ????? ???? ??????
????? ?? ???-?? ??-?? ???? ???-?? ????, ??? ??,
??? ???-??? ??????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ????,
???????? ???? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ????, ??? ????
????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????
??????? ???? ????? ???????, ??? ???? ??????
??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????, ??????? ??????? ?? ???
??? ???????? ???? ????.
31
?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????,
????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? "??????? ?????"-
????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ??????? ?????
?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????
?????, ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? (?????? ????
??????? ??????????- ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?-10
???? ), ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???
????.
?? ???? ?? ??? ?? - ??? 2007
32
??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????
33
????? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ??? 2007.
34
??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????,
??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????,
???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????
????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
???? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??
????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???,
???? ?????.????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????
??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???
???. ??? ???, ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??
???? ???? ????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????
????? ?????? ?? ??, ??? ???? ???? ???, ?? ???
??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????.????? ???????
???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????
??????. ??? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????
???, ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???.
???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????
?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ????? ??????
??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??
???????.?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????
?? ????? ????? ???????, ????? ????? ????????,
???? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????
??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???, ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??
??? ????? ????, ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????
????? ????? ????, ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????
?????.
35
Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) seem to really
enjoy taking time out to get cleaned. These
gold-ring surgeonfish (Ctenochaetus strigosus)
and yellow tangs (Zebrasoma flavescens) eek out a
living nibling at algae that grows on the reef.
You can imagine their excitment when a turtle
who's been out at sea arrives sporting a shell
with a lush carpet of algal growth. This turtle
has an injured flipper. Monofilament fishing line
and other refuse create entanglement hazards for
a wide variety of marine animals, turtles
included.
36
?? ?? ???
?? ?? ??? (?? ???? Caretta caretta) ??? ??? ???
??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ?? ????
?? ????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????
????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????
?????? 5 ?????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ????? ??
????? ????? ?? ?-90 ?"?. ?? ??? ???? ????? ?
??????, ??????, ?????? , ??????? ????? ??. ???
??? ?? ?????, ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??
???? ?? ????? ????. ?????? ???? ?? ?????, ?????
?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????
?????? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????
????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?-30
???, ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?-50 ???. ??????
??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? Caretta caretta
gigas - ???? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????.
Caretta caretta caretta - ???? ?????????
???????, ?? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????
??? ????? ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ????, ?? ??????
?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????????, ????????,
??????, ?????? ???????.
37
(No Transcript)
38
Caretta caretta - ?? ?? ???
???? ????1 ??? ???? 350 ?"? ???? ????? ?????
120-60 ???? ???? ???? ????? 50-20 ??? ????
??????? ??? ?????? 40-15 ???
39
????? ????? -Caretta caretta
Caretta caretta - nesting sites in the
Mediterranean sea
40
(No Transcript)
41
caretta caretta ...
42
Eretmochelys imbricata
?? ?? ???? - Hawksbill Turtle
43
?? ?? ???? .????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???
?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??.????? ?????
?? 50 ??????? ?????? ????? ?? 140 ??????? .?????
?? 80 ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????
?????? .????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????
????.?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????
????? ???????? .?????? ??? ?????? ?-150 ?????
??????? ?????? ?-40 ???????, ???? ??? ??????? ???
.?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??
????? ?? ???? ????
44
?? ?? ???? - Eretmochelys imbricata
45
Eretmochelys imbricata
46
?? ?? ???? - Eretmochelys imbricata
47
?? ?? ???? - Eretmochelys imbricata
48
The North Pacific loggerhead travels 7,000 miles
from Japan to Baja's Big Sur to feed for as many
as thirty years before returning to Japan. In the
past 10 years, the number of female turtles
nesting in Japan has dropped by fifty to eighty
percent.
49
hawksbill turtle - ?? ?? ???? Eretmochelys
imbricata
50
The Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), also
known as the Pacific Ridley, is one of the
smallest species of sea turtle. It is named for
the olive-green color of its heart-shaped shell.
51
Two Olive Ridley hatchlings moving toward the
water after their release from a conservation
facility in Mexico
52

Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii)
Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) is a
critically endangered species of sea turtle. It
is one of two living species in the genus
Lepidochelys, the other one being L. olivacea,
the Olive Ridley. It is also the rarest sea
turtle.
53
Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii)
Kemp's Ridley is the smallest living sea turtle
species, reaching maturity at 23 feet (6191 cm)
long and averaging only 45 kilograms . It is
typical of a sea turtle, having a dorsoventrally
depressed body with specially-adapted
flipper-like front limbs. Like other sea turtles,
it possesses a horny beak.
54
Baby flatback turtle
The flatback turtle (Natator depressus) is a sea
turtle that is endemic to the continental shelf
of Australia. This species is within a monotypic
genus, Natator, in the Cheloniidae family.
Depressus, the species indicator (the second part
of the scientific name) means "flat" in Latin. It
refers to the flatness of the Flatback's shell.
The Bardi people called this animal barwanjan,
and it was known to the as madumal
55
Natator depressa distribution map. Red circles
show major nesting sites.
56
"Manner in which Natives of the East Coast strike
turtle". Near Cooktown, Australia. From Phillip
Parker King's Survey. 1818.
57
??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? -
??? ????????. ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???
??????? ???? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ??? ?????, ??????,
?? ???? ????? (????????? ???????? ???? ??????, ??
????? ????). ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????
???????, ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????,
?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????
??????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ??????? ????
???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???
???, ????? ?? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ???
??????? ????? - ?????.
http//animaldiversity/Testudines.html http//he.w
ikipedia.??? ?? http//www.ynet.????
????? http//he.wikipedia ??? ????? http//www.may
umbanationalpark.com/turtles.htm
58
http//www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/6
494/0 http//www.sviva.gov.??? ?? http//www.terre
sdeguyane.fr/articles/CPO_0004/default.asp http//
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemp27s_Ridley ????? ?????
??? ??? http//www.worldwildlifeoliveridleyturtle/
oliveridleyturtle.html http//www.tilda.edu-negev.
gov.il/eilat/rkz/ybercovi/eilat_college/stavgil/to
rtose.html ????? ????? ?????? - ???
?? http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemp27s_Ridley
59
???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???, ????? ????? ????
???? ????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?
????????
60
????????
61
?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????
???? www.clarita-efraim.com ???? ???????