OPERATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY MONITORING MISSIONS

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OPERATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY MONITORING
MISSIONS

• Composition of the Atmosphere
• Progress to Applications in the user CommunITY
  (CAPACITY)
• ESA contract no. 17237/03/NL/GS
• 1/10/2003 2/6/2005
• Hennie Kelder, Project Coordinator

Final presentation June 2, 2005
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CAPACITY project

• Goal
• Definition of operational monitoring mission
  concepts for atmospheric composition
• Strategy
• Produce an inventory of user requirements for
  different applications
• Develop and optimise a global monitoring system
  for atmospheric composition that integrates space
  and ground-based observations.
• Time frame
• The time frame for the system is 2010-2020,
  concurrent with the operational use of MetOp,
  NPOESS and geostationary platforms.

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Global Ozone Trend Monitoring

• Total ozone trend NIWA assimilated data set
  period Nov 1978 Dec 2002, based on Bodeker et
  al., 2005

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Forecasting of the ozone layer
GOME data Analysis 7-day forecast

• Eskes et al., 2004

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Monitoring Air Quality (global)
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Monitoring Air Quality (Europe)
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Climate Monitoring CH4 Emissions
IUP Heidelberg / KNMI, 2005
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CAPACITY basis and challenges

• Measuring the chemical composition of the global
  atmosphere from space is a recent development
• The chemical composition of the stratosphere as
  well as the troposphere is amenable from space
• These data are of importance both for scientific
  and operational use and for monitoring and
  forecasting.
• Techniques are sufficiently mature to make
  transition from research missions to operational
  monitoring

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CAPACITY basis and challenges

• Specific challenges to CAPACITY
• to make a precise inventory of the user/ data
  needs
• to review the existing and planned Global
  Observing Systems for atmospheric composition
• To identify the gaps to be filled and define the
  new system concepts required
• To benefit from the international momentum for
  monitoring the atmospheric composition

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Study Objectives

• To identify the user applications and quantify
  their requirements for the application areas
  Climate, Air Quality and Stratospheric Ozone /
  Surface UV
• To derive the geophysical data requirements
  (satellite-borne, ground-based/in-situ and
  auxiliary data) per user application
• To assess the contributions of existing and
  planned space missions and ground networks to the
  fulfilment of the data requirements
• To identify new satellite components for
  integration into the operational observing system
  to meet user requirements
• To define new mission concepts from GEO and LEO
  orbit perspectives
• To evaluate critical space segment and ground
  segment issues

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CAPACITY consortium

• Lead KNMI
• Partners RAL, Univ. Bremen, Univ. Leicester,
  EADS, Alcatel
• Consultants on User requirements
• WMO, NILU, RIVM, JRC, TNO-FEL, Ademe, MPI Mainz,
  DLR,ETH, IUP Heidelberg, CNR-ISAC, Meteo France,
  DMI, Eurocontrol
• Consultants on Mission requirements
• LSCE, UiO, USTL-LOA, CNRS-LISA, CNR-IFAC, IMK,
• SRON, CNRS-SA, Noveltis, BIRA, LSCE, CNRS-LPPM

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Overview of workpackages

• Task WP-leader
• User Requirements Albert Goede
• Data Requirements Michiel van Weele
• Existing/ Planned Systems Brian Kerridge
• New System Elements Paul Monks John Remedios
• GEO Mission Concepts Heinrich Bovensmann
• LEO Mission Concepts Brian Kerridge
• Space segment issues Rolf Mager
• Ground segment issues Hugues Sassier
• Management Hennie Kelder Michiel van Weele

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International Context (1)

• GMES-Global Monitoring for Environment and
  Security Joint EC/ESA programme for a global
  observation system that produces easily
  accessible information responding to user needs
• GEO International Global Earth Observation System
• GEO Framework plan adopted at GEO-II Tokyo, April
  2004
• Implementation plan endorsed GEO-III Brussels, 16
  Feb 2005
• Relevant items Air Quality, Surface UV, Climate
  Change
• GEO meeting Geneva 3-4 May, User interface group
  air quality pilot project

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International Context (2)

• IGACO (Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry
  Observations) Approved by IGOS-P on 27 May 2004
• Novel approach adopted in PROMOTE integrating
  space, ground and airborne data into models by
  data assimilation in order to produce information
  that cannot be obtained individually
• EC FP 5,6 RTD projects form basis of PROMOTE RTD
• CREATE/DAEDALUS, EVERGREEN, ASSET, GATO
• GEMS, ACCENT
• ESA DUP/DUE projects develop precursor systems
• TEMIS, GLOBAER, DRAGON,
• EC FP7, GMES, GEOSS important themes for next
  decade

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International Context (3)

• GMES Space component Sentinels
• Sentinel 4 and 5 Atmospheric chemistry
• Sentinel 4
• Geostationary atmospheric composition monitoring
  for pollution monitoring
• Sentinel 5
• Atmospheric Composition Sounding in Low-Earth
  Orbit
• ESA/PB-EO May 2005
• Pre-phase A studies for Sentinels 45 in 2006

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Reference Documents

• WG 1 to 5 reports User Consultation (January
  2004)
• IGOS-P IGACO Theme Report (May 2004)
• WMO-GAW strategy for Integrating satellite and
  ground based
• GMES GATO Strategy Report (March 2004)
• GEO User Requirement and Outreach (April 2004)
• EUMETSAT Observation Requirements Now casting and
  Very Short Range Forecasting 2015-2025
• EUMETSAT study on Geo Stationary Satellite
  Observations for Monitoring Atmospheric
  Composition 2015-2025
• GCOS Implementation Plan in support of UNFCCC
  (May2004)
• ESA Kyoto study 15427/01/NL/MM
• ACECHEM, GeoTROPE and TROC Earth Explorer
  proposals

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Summary

• There is overwhelming evidence ,support and
  initatives for Earth System Monitoring and hence
  for continuation of atmospheric composition
  sounding from space, inclusive the troposphere,
  in an integrated approach
• Nowadays mature techniques exist to make the move
  from research missions to an operational system
  for monitoring and operational applications
• Three main missing space system elements have
  been identified in the existing and planned
  operational missions
• Geometrical spatial sampling in nadir limb view
• Spectral nadir view using short-wave infrared
  (SWIR)
• Temporal diurnal variations and afternoon
  observations

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Main Recommendations

• To enhance observational capabilities in the
  2010-2020 time period and afterwards for
  operational Air Quality applications in
  Geostationary Orbit (GEO) and Low-Earth Orbit
  (LEO)
• A LEO mission with a UV-VIS-SWIR nadir viewing
  spectrometer with small ground pixel size and
  daily global coverage in an afternoon polar orbit
• A GEO mission with a UV-VIS-SWIR spectrometer
  with small ground pixel size to cover diurnal
  variations in Air Quality
• Taking into account maturity, cost and risk
  issues, it is recognised that a LEO mission could
  have a shorter lead time
• Limb MIR and limb MM techniques are two available
  mature options for operational limb-sounders to
  satisfy user needs with respect to O3, H2O and
  other compounds
• Combination of the Air Quality Mission with a
  Climate Protocol Monitoring Mission for emission
  monitoring of CH4, CO and aerosols by addition of
  SWIR channels