Enabling Capabilities

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Required Understanding
Enabling Capabilities Measurements
Implementation Phase 1 2005-2015
Existing Assets
LWS mission
Enabling
STP Program
Enabling
LWS Program
Potential Explorer
Enabling
Contributing
SDO Solar Source of CMEs
Enabling
Flagship mission
Solar Probe near-Sun CME structure
NASA or Other Agencies
STP Program
Contributing
MMS Near-Earth SW/IMF
L1 Monitor, coronagraph - solar wind conditions
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Targeted Understanding
Enabling Capabilities Measurements
Implementation Phase 1 2005-2015
Existing Assets
STP Program
Enabling
LWS Program
Enabling
Enabling
Explorer Program
STP Program
Contributing
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H1C Identify the impacts of solar variability on
Earths atmosphere Phase 2005-2015, Understand
our Home in Space
Required Understanding
Tidal, planetary, and gravity wave generation,
modulation, and coupling
Parameterizations of turbulence and wave effects
in GCMs
Temporal and spectral variability of solar
ionizing and dissociating irradiance
Composition changes resulting from solar energy
deposition
Radiative cooling in response to variable energy
deposition
Horizontal and vertical energy and constituent
transport
Temporal, spectral, and spatial variability of
solar energetic particle inputs
Effect of solar variability on Neutral plasma
dynamics, structure, circulation
Do impacts of solar variability affect all layers
of the atmosphere?
Distinguish and identify the coupling between
anthropogenic and natural mechanisms
Enabling Capabilities Measurements
Global density, composition, temperature, and
winds surface - 650 km? over a solar cycle
Spectral, spatial, and temporal variation of
photon and energetic particle inputs over a solar
cycle
First principles data-assimilating models for
predicting atmospheric structure and composition
and their response to varying energy inputs
Global imaging of the ITM
Energy redistribution by tides, gravity and
planetary waves and turbulence
Long term calibrated observations of changes in
different atmospheric layers
Implementation Phase 1 2005-2015
Existing Assets
Theory Program Wave interactions and
Coupling Climate change mechanisms
IMAGE, TIMED - changes in mesospheric temperature
/ thermospheric density
Explorer Program
Enabling
LWS Program
Enabling
AIM - Polar mesospheric clouds CNOFS - changes in
thermsopheric densities
Model Development Whole Atmosphere GCM
Partnerships
Enabling
Candidate Explorers
LWS Program
Contributing
Enabling
DMSP, L1 Monitor, NPOESS
Rocket Campaigns Energy inputs, Atm. coupling
ITMWaves, SECEP
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H1D Discover How Space Plasmas and Planetary
Environments Interact Phase 2005-2015, Understand
our Home in Space
Required Understanding
Roles of varying atmospheric chemistry on heat,
momentum, and energy transfer between atmospheric
regions.
Energy flow between plasma and neutrals
Tidal, planetary, and gravity wave
generation,modulation, and coupling.
Plasma neutral dynamics, structure,
circulation, instabilities
Effects of planetary magnetic field geometry on
energy and momentum transfer
Variability of energetic particle precipitation
patterns
Morphology of ionospheric current systems
Solar Wind Interactions
Enabling Capabilities Measurements
Constellations of satellites in complementary
orbits to resolve space-time ambiguities and
enable predictive models
Tomographic and occultation studies to quantify
large-scale motions of plasmas and neutrals
Simultaneous 3D plasma and neutral drift
measurements
Measurements of 3D particle distribution
functions from thermal to tens of MeV
Empirical and first-principles models for cause
and effect based prediction
Measure composition, temperature and winds of
planetary upper atmospheres
Implementation Phase 1 2005-2015
Existing Assets
Theory Program To include cross-scale coupling
processes, and effects at the upper and lower
boundaries of the atmosphere of the Earth and
Mars
CNOFS, IMAGE, TIMED, AIM, SDO
STP Program
Enabling
Potential Explorer
Contributing
ITM Waves To understand sources of ionospheric
structure, and responses to geomagnetic storms
and gravity waves
Rocket Campaigns To provide high resolution,
coordinated sampling of key mesospheric and
thermospheric regions
Model Development To include assimilation for
nowcasting and forecasting
Contributing
Partnerships
LWS Program
Enabling
Mars Aeronomy, MSL, MTO Mars L1 Monitor
Partnerships
Contributing
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H2A Identify Precursors of Important Solar
Disturbances Phase 2015-2025, Understand our Home
in Space
Targeted Understanding
CME magnetic field orientation
Buildup of energy helicity in coronal magnetic
fields
Relationship between eruptive filaments, active
regions, CMEs, and SEPs
Relationship between CME shocks, flare/ CME
current sheets and Solar Energetic Particles
(SEPs)
Evolution of global solar magnetic field
Relationship between global field and solar
disturbances
Enabling Capabilities Measurements
CME magnetic field evolution behind the disk
Radio burst measurements of near-Sun CME shocks
Coronal vector magnetic field evolution and
subsurface field evolution
UV Spectroscopic determination of Pre/Post-shock
density, speed, compression ion/electron
velocity distributions, charge states,
abundances Alfven speed, magnetic field,
reconnection rates in CME shocks, flares, current
sheets
On-Disk UV/EUV Spectrographic imaging for flow
velocities, energy release signatures Disk
Magnetograph for magnetic field topology and
evolution
Whether disturbance is geoeffective
Near-Sun in situ measurements of charged particle
distribution, composition, waves fields
neutrons, hard X-rays gamma rays
Visible light Coronagraph/ Polarimeter for
electron density structure and evolution
Implementation Phase 2 2015-2025
Existing Assets
Contributing LWS
SDO for global magnetic field and active region
measurements, ITSP, RBSP
SHIELDS for tracking disk features behind the limb
Contributing
Enabling LWS
SIRA to characterize CME shocks
Enabling STP Program
DOPPLER to identify disk signatures of CME,
flare, SEP initiation, SEPP/NE to characterize
sources of CMEs
RAM to identify disk signatures of CME, flare,
SEP initiation, GEC impacts
Enabling Flagship Mission
Solar Probe for near-Sun in situ observations
Contributing Partnership
Solar Orbiter for near-Sun in situ observations
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Targeted Understanding
Enabling Capabilities Measurements
Implementation Phase 2 2015-2025
Exisiting Assets
STP Program
Enabling
?? Program
Contributing
?? Program
Enabling
Explorer Candidates
NASA or Other Agencies
L1 Monitor, Coronagraph
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Required Understanding
UV effects on ecosystems
Interactions among reactive species in middle
atmosphere in response to solar variability
Downward propagation of circulation anomalies
into troposphere
Variations and secular changes in stratospheric
and tropospheric polar vortex
Changes in reactive and GH gases
Changes in surface energy budget
Development, persistence, and decay of
stratospheric circulation anomalies
Upward propagation of climate variability into
middle and upper atmosphere, with consequent
effects on circulation and wave dynamics
Variations in clouds, temperatures, the
hydrologic cycle, and winds
Long term Climate
Enabling Capabilities Measurements
Highly-resolved budgets of surface emissions of
radiatively-active gases
Continuous observations of high-frequency
responses of atmospheric composition to varying
solar input
Stratosphere-troposphere coupling in polar vortex?
Continued observations of the high-frequency
variability of surface and tropospheric climate
Accurately-calibrated planetary albedo at high
spatial and spectral resolution
Vertical profiling of chemical variations in the
middle atmosphere
Implementation Phase 2 2015-2025
Rocket Campaigns Polar Night, Calibration/Validat
ion, Test flights
Model Development Whole Atmosphere GCM with
coupled land, oceans, and chemistry
Enabling
SECEP, ITMWaves L1 and L2 for continuous global
obs (includes SW/IMF irradiance monitor)
Explorer Candidate
Theory Programs Radiation, Hydrology, and Life
EPP and clouds Strat-trop coupling
Profiling temperature and composition
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Targeted Understanding
Quantitative drivers of the geospace environment
Magnetosphere - atmosphere surface coupling
Impacts of solar variability on planetary
atmospheres and surfaces
Photochemistry of planetary atmospheres
Energy redistribution by tides, gravity and
planetary waves and turbulence
Extremes of the variable radiation environments
at solar system bodies
Dust environments of planetary bodies
How magnetospheres evolve
Enabling Capabilities Measurements
Density, composition, temperature, and winds
surface through thermosphere for planetary bodies
Spectral, spatial, and temporal variation of
photon and energetic particle inputs to planetary
atmospheres
First principles data-assimilating models for
planetary bodies which describe atmospheric
structure and composition and their response to
varying energy inputs
Ionosphere / Magnetosphere Imaging
Observations of near sun environment
Combined debris disk and 3-d MHD models
Implementation Phase 2 2015-2025
Solar Probe, RBSP Plasma physics of near-star
environments
Theory Program Coupling in planetary atm.
Existing Assets
Explorer Candidate
Partnerships
Enabling
MSL, Spitzer,
Geospace System Response Imager (GSRI), ITM Waves
Mars Aeronomy Probe (MAP), Titan Explorer (TE),
Lunar Solar Wind History Experiment Europa Mission
Model Development Planetary Whole Atmosphere
GCM Combined disk/plasma models
Contributing
Strategic mission
Venus Aeronomy Probe (VAP), Space Physics Package
Rocket Campaigns Coupling
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Targeted Understanding
Enabling Capabilities Measurements
Implementation Phase 3 2025-2035
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• H3C Forecast Climate Change (joint with Earth
  Science)
• Phase 2025-beyond, Understand Our Home in Space

Required Understanding
Interactions among atmospheric radiation,
composition, structure, hydrologic cycle, and
clouds
Interactions of solar photons and energetic
particles with atmospheric composition
Responses of surface energy partition and
emissions of radiatively-active gases
Changes in spectral (e.g., UV) and directional
(direct vs diffuse) characteristics of solar
radiation at surface
Propagation of solar photons throughout
atmosphere and interaction with clouds and aerosol
Upward propagation of climate changes via waves
and mean flows
Quantitative attribution of climate variations to
solar vs internal forcing
Global electrodynamic circuit
Enabling Capabilities Measurements
Continuing global observations of the sun,
geospace, and Earths climate
Systematic and continuing model evaluation using
ongoing observations
Prediction of future climate change with
well-tested coupled models that include solar
interactions
Whole Earth system data assimilation including
life, chemistry, oceans, land, the atmosphere to
650 km
Solar subsurface and deep interior convective
flows to understand relationship between dynamo,
flows, solar cycle
Implementation Phase 3 2025-beyond
Model Development Prediction of external and
internal forcing and response
New Explorer Missions Active atmospheric
profiling for chemistry and structure Detailed
characterization of changing hydrologic cycle?
Enabling
Solar Polar Imager TITMC, L1 Monitor (irradiance,
particles) SECEP, SHIELDS
New Partnership Missions Global Alt.
distribution Temperature / Composition monitor
Contributing
AAMP
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H3D Determine how stellar activity and plasmas
affect planetary formation and evolution that
govern habitability through time - Phase
2025-beyond, Understand Our Home in Space
Required Understanding
Energy redistribution by tides, gravity and
planetary waves and turbulence
Temporal and spectral variability of solar
ionizing and dissociating irradiance
What determines the habitability of planets
Composition changes resulting from solar energy
deposition
What are the impacts of solar variability on
planetary atmospheres?
Evolution of Planetary systems from
proto-planetary debris disks
Temporal, spectral, and spatial variability of
solar energetic particle inputs
Magnetospheric atmospheric surface coupling
Enabling Capabilities Measurements
Observational and predictive capability for
spectral, spatial, and temporal variation of
photon and energetic particle inputs over short
and long time scales
Operational first principles data-assimilating
models for planetary atmospheres which predict
atmospheric structure and composition and their
response to varying energy inputs
Global density, composition, temperature, and
winds surface - thermosphere for planetary bodies
Observations of solar cycles on other Sun-like
stars to understand relationship of rotation
rate dynamo
Combined debris disk and 3-d MHD models
Observations of debris disks around other stars
Observations of momentum transfer to planetary
magnetospheres
Implementation Phase 3 2025-2035
JPO Transfer of momentum between rotating
magnetized bodies and their surrounding plasmas
Strategic missions
Enabling
Explorer Candidate
Theory Program Coupling in planetary atm.
GSRI
Titan Explorer (TE)
Space Interferometry Mission (SIM), Terrestrial
Planet Finder (TPF), the James Webb Space
Telescope (JWST), Stellar Imager
Theory Program Properties of dusty plasmas
Existing Assets ITM-Waves
Model Development Operational Planetary Whole
Atmosphere GCM
Rocket Campaigns
Model Development Combined disk/plasma models
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