The Respiratory System

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The Respiratory System
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Trachea / Wind pipe
Muscles
Lung
Bronchiole
Rib
Air sacs / Alveoli
Bronchus
Diaphragm
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• Alveoli / Air Sacs
• This is where gas exchange happens...
• Oxygen diffuses into the blood
• Carbon dioxide diffuses out

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Air Sacs This is where gas exchange
happens. Oxygen diffuses into the blood. Carbon
dioxide diffuses out.
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• Gas exchange
• Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs
• Oxygen diffuses into the blood
• Carbon dioxide diffuses out

blood out
CO2
blood in
O2
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Why are alveoli so effective for gas exchange?
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• Alveoli
• Alveoli are good at gas exchange because
• They have a large surface area
• They have a good blood supply
• Their lining is moist
• They are very thin
• This means a lot of diffusion can happen quickly!

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Why do veins look blue? Why is blood red?
Haemoglobin, found in red blood cells, carries
oxygen around the body. Haemoglobin contains iron
which looks bright red combined with oxygen.
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Nice dissection video

• http//www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/bitesize/st
  andard/biology/the_body_in_action/the_need_for_ene
  rgy_rev3.shtml

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What stops things getting into your lungs?
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What stops things getting into your lungs?
Mucus and Cilia
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vmiEEluVlemQ
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• Respiratory System
• Trachea and bronchi are lined with
• Rings of cartilage for support prevents tubes
  closing
• Mucus to trap dirt and germs
• Cilia (tiny hairs) to sweep mucus out of the
  lungs

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Model Lung
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Breathing
Breathing is not the same as respiration. Respirat
ion is a chemical reaction. Breathing is the
process of moving air in and out of the body.
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Breathing

• When you breathe in what happens to...
• Your ribs?
• Your diaphragm?
• The volume of your lungs?

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(No Transcript)
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Breathing Inhale take air into lungs Exhale
remove air from lungs
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Lung Measurements
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• Lung Measurements
• Tidal volume the volume of air you move in and
  out of your lungs when breathing normally
• Vital capacity this is the maximum volume of air
  you can move out of your lungs
• Peak flow this is the maximum rate which you can
  force air out of your lungs

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the maximum volume of air you can move out of
your lungs
Tidal volume
the maximum rate which you can force air out of
your lungs
Vital capacity
volume of air you move in and out of your lungs
when breathing normally
Peak flow
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How much air can your lungs hold?
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How long can you hold your breath?
The man who can hold his breath for 10
minutes! http//www.youtube.com/watch?v9Vcv01Jm-
Ow
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Tidal Volume (normal breath)
Vital Capacity (forced exhale)
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3800
200
7cm
19cm
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• What might a doctor use peak flow to test for?

Peak flow can be used to test for asthma.
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What factors might affect lung measurements?
What might cause someone to have a bigger or
smaller vital capacity?
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Size
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Age
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Sex
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Fitness
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Videos and Animations
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• http//www.ltscotland.org.uk/glowscience/human_bod
  y/lungs/film_151/index.html

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Respiration

• http//lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
  /pc/learningsteps/RPRLC/launch.html
• http//lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
  /pc/learningsteps/CRBLC/launch.html

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Alveoli

• http//lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
  /pc/learningsteps/AOALC/launch.html

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Mucus

• http//lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
  /pc/learningsteps/MUMLC/launch.html

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Respiratory System

• http//lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
  /pc/learningsteps/TRSLC/launch.html

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Gas Exchange

• http//lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
  /pc/learningsteps/GEXLC/launch.html

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Air

• http//lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
  /pc/learningsteps/GEXLC/launch.html
• http//lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
  /pc/learningsteps/DNXLC/launch.html

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Breathing

• http//lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
  /pc/learningsteps/BRVLC/launch.html
• http//lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology
  /pc/learningSimulations/BRVSC/launch.html

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Alveoli

• http//subscription.echalk.co.uk/Science/biology/b
  reathing/RespiritorySystemLabelling/RespiratoryLab
  el.html

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Respiratory System

• http//subscription.echalk.co.uk/Science/biology/b
  reathing/RespiritorySystemLabelling/RespiratoryLab
  el.html

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Breathing

• http//subscription.echalk.co.uk/Science/biology/b
  reathing/breathingAni/breathing.html