Characteristics of Living Things and Classification

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Characteristics of Living Things and
Classification

• What makes something living?
• How do we organize living things?

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Biology

• Bio- life
• Ology- study of

What are they looking at?
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BIOLOGY THE STUDY OF LIFE.

• ALIVE OR NOT ALIVE????
• Scientists have not really decided upon a single
  definition of life, but it is determined by the
  actions of life functions carried on by an
  organism.

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I. Organization of Living Things
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
COMPLEX
UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
SIMPLE
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II. 4 Characteristics of ALL Living Things

1. Living things are made of CELLS that contain DNA
2. Living things have a METABOLISM to help them use
   ENERGY to live, grow, and develop
3. Living things maintain HOMEOSTASIS (a stable
   internal environment)
4. Living things REPRODUCE

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Characteristics of Living Things(531)
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III. Similarities and Differences Among Living
Things

• Living things go about the 4 characteristics in
  similar AND different ways
• 8 Life processes that are similar and different
  among living things
• Obtaining nutrients
• Transport of materials throughout organism
• Breaking down nutrients to get energy (cellular
  respiration)
• Combining simple substances to make more complex
  substances (synthesis)
• Growth
• Removal of waste products (Excretion)
• Responding to internal and external stimuli
• Reproducing

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Simple to Complex (153)
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IV. Helping Vocabulary

• Number of cells
• Multicellular
• Made of many cells
• Examples Plant, Animals
• Unicellular
• Made of one cell
• ex. Bacteria, Paramecium, Ameba, Euglena, Yeast

Copy down all of the examples
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• B. Nucleus?
• Eukaryote
• Cells contain a nucleus
• Prokaryote
• Cells lack a nucleus
• C. Mode of nutrition
• Heterotroph
• Need to obtain food ex. humans
• Autotroph
• Can make their own food by a process called
  photosynthesis ex. plants

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The Five Kingdoms (352)
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The 5 Kingdoms

• Similarities and Differences in life processes
  has grouped organisms into 5 different kingdoms
• Animalia
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Protista
• Monera

MULTICELLULAR
EUKARYOTIC
UNICELLULAR
PROKARYOTIC
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V. Obtaining Nutrients (FOOD!?)

• Heterotroph
• Gets nutrients from the environment
• Kingdoms
• Animalia, Fungi, Some Protista and Monera
• Autotroph
• Makes own food
• Kingdoms
• Plantae and some Protists (photosynthesis), some
  Bacteria (chemosynthesis)

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Quiz Time

1. What does prokaryote mean?
2. Give an example of a prokaryote.
3. What does autotroph mean?
4. Give an example of an autotroph.
5. Name 3 of the 5 Kingdoms.
6. What does the nucleus of a cell hold?

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VII. Transport of materials

• Unicellular Orgs
• Transport within cytoplasm
• Kingdoms
• Protista, Monera
• Multicellular Orgs
• Transport within liquids and tubes
• Kingdoms
• Animalia, Plantae, Fungi

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VIII. Reproduction

• Asexual
• One parent
• Offspring genetically identical (clones)
• Kingdoms
• Some Fungi, Protista, Monera
• Sexual
• Two parents
• Offspring genetically different from parents
• Kingdoms
• Some Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

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IX Classification of Living Things

• Why classify organisms?
• For easy identification
• For evolutionary comparison of organisms
• Organisms are grouped into large categories based
  on similarities
• Once in a group, organisms are separated based on
  differences

Modern Classification System classify from
broad to specific
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Classification of Living Things

• 5 Kingdoms
• Phyla (s. Phylum)
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

DIVIDED INTO
DIVIDED INTO
DIVIDED INTO
OF ORGANISMS DECREASES
DIFFERENCES AMONG ORGS INCREASES
DIVIDED INTO
DIVIDED INTO
DIVIDED INTO
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Acronym to help remember!

• King
• Phillip
• Called
• Oprah
• For
• Good
• Spices

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Classification of Humans

• KINGDOM Animalia
• PHYLUM Chordata
• Has backbone
• CLASS Mammalia
• Females have mammary glands
• ORDER Primates
• Larger brain size
• FAMILY Hominidae
• GENUS Homo
• SPECIES sapiens

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Scientific Naming

• Referred to as Binomial Nomenclature (2 name
  naming system)
• Scientific name Genus species
• species is not capitalized
• Both are always italicized or underlined
• Ex. Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens
• Abbreviation
• First letter of genus (capitalized), followed by
  species
• Ex. H. sapiens
• Scientists have only identified and named a
  FRACTION of all living organisms on Earth!!!!

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Canis lupus grey wolf