World War II: The Home Front

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World War II The Home Front

• US History Spiconardi

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Women

• In the military
• Over 200,000 women served in separate units
• Operated radios, repaired planes vehicles,
  clerical duties, nursing

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Women

• Civilian Workforce
• Job opportunities for women to replace men at war
• Over 5 million took jobs in factories devoted to
  wartime production

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Women

• Rosie the Riveter

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• All the day long,Whether rain or shine,She's a
  part of the assembly line.She's making
  history,Working for victory,Rosie the
  Riveter.Keeps a sharp lookout for
  sabotage,Sitting up there on the fuselage.That
  little girl will do more than a male will do

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Women

• Social Change
• Many married women and mothers continued to work
  outside the home after World War II
• Encouraged women to enter the workforce

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African-Americans

• Civilian Workforce
• FDR issues Executive Order No. 8802
• Employers in defense industries had to make jobs
  available without discrimination because of
  race, creed, color, or national origin.
• Blacks migrate to industrial cities in North
  West
• Whites hostile
• 1943 Race Riots ?over 250 racial conflicts in 47
  cities

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African-Americans
1943 Race Riots Detroit
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African-Americans

• Military
• Nearly 1,000,000 enlisted
• Served in segregated units
• Tuskegee Institute
• Trained black pilots
• Faced discrimination
• Race riots on bases instigated by whites
• Red Cross separated donated blood by race

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African-Americans

• Resulting Change
• Blacks create voting blocs in urban areas
• New economic opportunities (despite being paid
  significantly lower than whites)
• Sparks Civil Rights Movement
• Ready to wage a fight for full voting rights, end
  to segregation and equal access

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Japanese Internment

• After Pearl Harbor many Americans feared the
  presence of Japanese Americans
• Threat to national security
• Had to have had spies in Hawaii to enable this
  attack

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Japanese Internment

• Wartime Relocation Act
• FDR establishes military zones for the
  imprisonment of Japanese Americans
• 120,000 imprisoned
• 77,000 were Nisei ? native born citizens of the
  U.S.
• See Reading for further details

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Japanese Internment

• Korematsu v. United States
• Fred Korematsu refused to leave his
  Italian-American girlfriend and be relocated
• Arrested and convicted of violating Civilian
  Exclusion Order No. 34
• Appeals case all the way to Supreme Court
• S.C. upholds lower court rulings in 6-3 decision

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Japanese Internment

• Korematsu vs. United States
• Files writ of coram nobis in 1983 due to new
  evidence not presented by FBI
• Federal judge ruled that while internment did not
  violate constitution, all detainees were victims
  of unsubstantiated facts, distortions andracism

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Japanese Internment

• Reparations
• In 1988, Congress voted to give each surviving
  detainee 20,000 and a public apology