A.P. WORLD HISTORY:

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A.P. WORLD HISTORY

• PERIODIZATION

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WHAT IS PERIODIZATION?

• Each period is defined by specific conditions
• A geographical delineation that answers where
• When civilization contracts, shrinks
  geographically
• When civilization spreads from smaller to wider
  area
• Contacts and Interactions
• Increase, decrease in contacts across regions
• Parallel Developments
• Whether indigenous or diffused,
• Shared characteristics
• Dates
• Time is not best way to define a period
• Characteristics and chronology
• Period may occur
• At different time
• In different regions

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PRE-HISTORY

• Two Sub-Periods of the Stone Age
• Paleolithic
• Nomadic, hunting and gathering
• Small bands led by those with specialized hunting
  knowledge
• Neolithic
• Sedentary, farming and herding
• Semi-Nomadic Slash/Burn (Shifting) and
  Pastoralism
• Villages with tribal structures, families chiefs
• Geographic Component
• It occurred at different times in different
  places
• Chronological Component
• Paleolithic from 1 million to 8000 BCE
• Neolithic from 6000 BCE to 4500 BCE
• Technology
• Stone, bone and wood gave way to handicrafts,
  artifacts

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ANCIENT PERIOD

• Geography River Valleys
• From 4,500 BCE to 1,000 BCE
• Begins with agricultural surpluses
• Leads to towns, cities, changes to hierarchy
• Generally small city-states, hereditary rulers
• Elite classes especially warriors, priests
• Rise of Institutions
• Long lasting social patterns
• Religion and Government
• Time of Technological Innovation
• Two Alternate Names
• Hearth Civilizations, Ancient River Valley
  Civilizations
• Bronze Age Civilizations
• Ends with rise of large, regional empires

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CLASSICAL PERIOD

• 1,000 BCE to 500 CE
• Iron Age
• Large, regional empires
• Military aristocracies
• Integrate regions
• Cosmopolitan Traditions
• Religions, Philosophies
• Regional Civilizations
• China, India, SW Asia (Cuneiform), Mediterranean
• Mesoamerica and Andean America
• Strong contacts between regional centers
• Many areas outside classical civilizations
• Ends with massive nomadic invasions

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POST-CLASSICAL AGE

• 6th century CE to 1450 CE
• Began with rise of Islam
• First trans-regional civilization
• Spans Eurasia and Africa
• Era of two great powers Islam, China
• Ended due to Turks, Mongols, Black Death
• Characteristics
• Spread of universalizing religions, philosophies
• Buddhism, Islam, Christianity
• Saw rise of new civilization centers
• Andes, Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, SE Asia, Japan
• Emergence of network of global contacts
• Ages of Faith, Aristocracy,
• Age of Increasing Inequalities especially Gender

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EARLY MODERN ERA

• 1450 1750 CE
• Rise of gunpowder empires
• An Age of Absolutism
• Rise of Western Europe
• Religious Strife
• World Shrinks
• All continents included in world network
• Global trade develops for first time
• Great exchanges
• Goods, products, flora, fauna, people, germs
• Ideas especially European, Christianity
• Demographic Shifts in Americas, Eurasia

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MODERN AGE

• 1750 to 1914 The West and the Rest
• Era of massive technological change
• Era of many revolutions
• Technological
• Political
• Social
• Intellectual, Artistic
• Vast trade networks
• Western Global Hegemony
• Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia
• USA, Japan are newest powers
• Dominance of Western Culture
• Resistance
• Modernization, Industrialization, Westernization?
• Demographic shift urbanization

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CONTEMPORARY ERA

• 1914 to Present Change, Change, Change
• 1914 1945 Europes Twilight
• 1945 Present Atomic Age
• The American Century, Retreat of Europe
• Rise of Pacific Rim, India
• Collapse of European empires
• Jihad vs. McWorld
• Modernization vs. westernization
• Modernization vs. traditionalism
• Secularism vs. change
• Rise of new political forms
• Non-State Governmental Organizations
• Supranationalism Internationalism
• Mass culture
• Technology, telecommunications dominate age
• Demography and Environment as Major Concerns