Chapter 15, quickly

1
Chapter 15, quickly

• Immigration and Urbanization

2
New Waves of Immigrants Europe

• Old Immigrants Most from western and northern
  Europe many protestant, many speak English
• New Immigrants in addition to old sources,
  many more coming from southern and eastern Europe
• Escape religious persecution (Russian Jews for
  example)
• Population pressures
• More freedom

3
New Immigration Asia and Caribbean/Mexico

• Gold rush, rail work draws large numbers of
  Chinese workers
• Hawaii draws large numbers of Japanese migrants
  farming
• Many in West Indies and Mexico come to find work
  or escape political upheaval

4
Points of Entry

• Ellis Island NY
• Point of entry for Europeans
• Doctors examination, prove clean record,
  demonstrate ability to work, have SOME money
  (post-1909, 25)
• Angel Island CA
• Point of entry for Asian migrants
• Similar procedures, though generally harsher than
  Ellis

5
Life for Immigrants

• Often work low-wage jobs, factory workers
• Live in tenement homes crowded, generally poor
  sanitation How the Other Half Lives
• Often live in ethnic neighborhoods or ghettos
• E.g. Little Italy, Chinatown
• Nice support network familiar language and
  customs

6
Anti-Immigrant Sentiment

• Religious, cultural, linguistic friction with new
  immigrants
• Competition for jobs
• Results in rise of Nativism
• 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act bans all manual
  laborers from China from coming not removed
  until 1943
• 1907 Gentlemens Agreement Pres. Teddy
  Roosevelt agrees to stop segregation of Japanese
  kids in San Fran if Japan limits unskilled
  migrants

7
Urbanization Challenges

• Housing tenements
• Transport how to move large numbers of people
  in tight spaces
• Water safe water, indoor plumbing
• Sanitation how to handle large amounts of waste
• Crime masses of people make criminals more
  anonymous
• Fire limited water supplies, cramped
  conditions, kerosene lamp/heat potential
  disaster

8
The Political Machine

• Political leaders, a.k.a. Party Bosses provide
  service to voters in exchange for votes/financing
  very business-like structure from main boss?
  ward bosses? precinct captains
• Opens door for graft (using political influence
  for personal gain), embezzlement, etc.
• Ultimately leads to some reforms to try to ensure
  fairness in government example establish Civil
  Service Commission to staff government jobs