Hydrosphere

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Earth and Space
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Solar System

• is composed of one star (Sun), planets and their
  natural satellites (moons), and other heavenly
  objects
• they ALL revolve around the sun
• Sun is the center of the solar system

Beyond solar system

• Solar system is part of the Milky way galaxy
• Galaxy billions of stars that move around
  through space as one unit

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Solar System
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Sun

• It is a star
• The closest star
• from the earth or
• other objects in the
• solar system

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Energy of the sun

• Comes from the fusion of Hydrogen gas to Helium
• Occurs in the suns core

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Planets

• IAU (Aug. 24, 2006) criteria
• The object must be in orbit around the sun
• It must be the only object that use its orbit
• Spherical in shape due to gravity

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Solar System
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Mercury

• Position Closest planet to the Sun.
• Atmosphere Like Earths moon, very little.
• Landscape Many craters, a little ice. Cliffs and
  valleys present.
• Temperatures Super-heated by the sun in the day.
  At night temperatures reach hundreds of degrees
  below freezing. (Not as warm as you would think).
• Year (Full rotation around the sun) 88 days.
• Moons 0
• Rings 0

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____

• Position 2nd planet from the sun.
• Atmosphere Thick enough to trap heat, hurricane
  winds, lightning, and acid clouds.
• Landscape Volcanoes and deformed mountains.
• Temperatures Intense heat.
• Year (Full rotation around the sun) 225 Earth
  days.
• Moons 0
• Rings 0

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• Position 3rd planet from the sun.
• Atmosphere Suitable air pressure to have life.
  Air is made of oxygen.
• Landscape The only planet that has liquid on the
  surface, rocky, land formations.
• Temperatures Suitable for life. Ranges from
  locations on Earth.
• Year (Full rotation around the sun) 365 Earth
  days.
• Moons 1
• Rings 0

EARTH
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Mars

• Position 4th planet from the sun.
• Atmosphere Thinner air than Earth.
• Landscape Frozen water below the surface, rocky,
  dusty, and has craters.
• Temperatures Like Earth, but drier and colder
• Year (Full rotation around the sun) 687 Earth
  days.
• Moons 2
• Rings 0

Midnight sun on Mars
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• Position 5th planet from the sun.
• Atmosphere Colorful clouds, until it is squished
  unto liquid. Cold and windy, giant storms.
• Landscape Thick super hot soup.
• Temperatures Extremely cold at clouds. Extremely
  hot and cold radiation.
• Year (Full rotation around the sun) 12 Earth
  years.
• Moons 62
• Rings 3

Jupiter
The Great Red Spot is a great anti-cyclonic (high
pressure) storm akin to a hurricane on Earth, but
it is enormous (three Earths would fit within its
boundaries) and it has persisted for at least the
400 years that humans have observed it through
telescopes.
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Saturn

• Position 7th planet from the sun.
• Atmosphere Composed mostly of gas with no solid
  surface. Cloud strips.
• Landscape No solid surfaces, high pressures turn
  gas into liquids.
• Temperatures Rings made out of water ice, really
  cold.
• Year (Full rotation around the sun) 30 Earth
  years.
• Moons 61
• Rings 7 division ring system

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Uranus

• Position 7th planet from the sun.
• Atmosphere Gets thicker and thicker, until it is
  squished unto liquid. Cold and windy.
• Landscape Layer of water and gases that form
  bright clouds.
• Temperatures Extremely cold at cloud tops and
  superheated towards the center.
• Year (Full rotation around the sun) 84 Earth
  years.
• Moons 27
• Rings 11

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1. Uranus is the coldest planet in the Solar System
2. Uranus is turned over on its side
3. Summer on Uranus lasts one long day 42 years
4. Uranus has rings
5. You can see Uranus with the naked eye
6. Uranus has only been visited once
7. Uranus had diamonds! Oceans of liquid diamond,
   filled with solid diamond icebergs, could be
   floating on Neptune and Uranus, according to a
   recent article in the journal Nature Physics.

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• Position Furthest from the sun (Cannot see
  without a telescope). 8th planet.
• Atmosphere Very Windy, cold clouds, a layer of
  methane gas (giving it a blue color), storms as
  large Earth.
• Landscape Scientist think it may have an ocean
  of super hot lava.
• Temperatures Cold
• Year (Full rotation around the sun) 165 Earth
  years.
• Moons 13
• Rings 6

NEPTUNE
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Pluto

• Pluto is NOT considered a planet anymore!
• It is classified as a dwarf planet.
• Temperatures Extremely cold, covered with frost.
• Year (Full rotation around the sun) 248 Earth
  years.
• Moons 3
• Pluto is very hard to see, even with a powerful
  telescope

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Why was Pluto demoted?

• IAU (Aug. 24, 2006) criteria
• The object must be in orbit around the sun
• It must be the only object that use its orbit
• Spherical in shape due to gravity

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Sun

• The sun is a star.
• A ball of hot glowing gases.
• It gets hotter as you go deeper.
• Central force that has a high influence on
  planets orbits.
• Without the suns energy and heat there would be
  no life on Earth.

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Earths Moon

• Stabilizes Earth.
• Our moon is covered in craters and has no
  atmosphere.
• 1/6th gravity and no air.
• Very hot and very cold temperatures.
• Pieces of equipment lie on the moon-things like
  the American flag!

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Moon Phases
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Moon Phases

• Full Moon - The Moon's illuminated side is facing
  the Earth. The Moon appears to be completely
  illuminated by direct sunlight.
• Waning Gibbous - The Moon appears to be more than
  one-half but not fully illuminated by direct
  sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's disk that is
  illuminated is decreasing.
• Last Quarter - One-half of the Moon appears to be
  illuminated by direct sunlight. The fraction of
  the Moon's disk that is illuminated is
  decreasing.
• Waning Crescent - The Moon appears to be partly
  but less than one-half illuminated by direct
  sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's disk that is
  illuminated is decreasing.

• New Moon - The Moon's un-illuminated side is
  facing the Earth. The Moon is not visible (except
  during a solar eclipse).
• Waxing Crescent - The Moon appears to be partly
  but less than one-half illuminated by direct
  sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's disk that is
  illuminated is increasing.
• First Quarter - One-half of the Moon appears to
  be illuminated by direct sunlight. The fraction
  of the Moon's disk that is illuminated is
  increasing.
• Waxing Gibbous - The Moon appears to be more than
  one-half but not fully illuminated by direct
  sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's disk that is
  illuminated is increasing.

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BONUS POINTS Moon Phase Edible Project
-Edible items -Must show/represent the sun,
Earth, and ALL phases of the moon -Must be
labeled -If you have more than 3 zeroes/missing
assignments, you are NOT able to do this
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Earths Orbit

• Gravity pull of the sun
• Keeps the earth from
• straying away from its
• Orbit.
• gravity vs. inertia

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Earths Orbit

• elliptical in shape

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Moons in the solar system
Planet No. of Moons
Mercury 0
Venus 0
Earth 1
Mars 2
Jupiter 62
Saturn 33
Uranus 27
Neptune 13
http//www.spacetoday.org/SolSys/Moons/MoonsSolSys
.html
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Earths Moon

• Rotates on its axis
• No light of its own

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Eclipses

• When shadow of a heavenly body falls on another
• Solar/Lunar eclipse
• Partial/Total Eclipse

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Solar Eclipse
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Solar Eclipse
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Lunar Eclipse
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Lunar Eclipse
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Other heavenly objects

• Asteroid belt found between Mars and Jupiter
• Comets-a celestial object consisting of a nucleus
  of ice and dust and, when near the sun, a tail
  of gas and dust particles pointing away from the
  sun.
• Meteoroids-a small body/mass moving in/through
  the solar system
• Meteor-a small body of matter from outer space
  that enters the earth's atmosphere, becoming
  incandescent as a result of friction and
  appearing as a streak of light. shooting star
• Meteorite-A meteorite is a solid piece of debris,
  from such sources as asteroids or comets, that
  originates in outer space and survives its impact
  with the Earth's surface.

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Stars

• Huge ball of flaming gas
• Has a life cycle
• constellations

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References

• Adams and Lambert. Earth Science An Illustrated
  Guide To Science, 2006. NY Chelsea House
• Rabago, Lilia M., et al. Dynamic Science. 2003.
  QC vibal Publishing House