Childhood and Adolescence

1
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• 2007?12?19?

2
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3
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• The Dalai Lama Whether one believes in religion
  or not, we are all seeking something better in
  life ? the very motion of our life is towards
  happiness.
• William James If we were to ask the question
  What is human lifes chief concern? one of the
  answers we should receive would be It is
  happiness.
• (Cited in Nel Noddings, 2003, Happiness and
  Education, p.1)

4
?????

• People want to be happy, and since this desire is
  well-nigh universal, we would expect to find
  happiness included as an aim of education. (Nel
  Noddings, 2003, Happiness and Education, p.74)
• ?? ? ??????(???,2005)
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5
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6
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  ??????????????????????????(????????2006?????)
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  ?????? (????????2007?????)

7
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• ???????2007?11???????????????????,???????????,????
  ?????(22.2)???????(15.2)?????(15.0)????????????
  ????????????????,???????????(?????????)?
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  ???????????

8
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  ???
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  ???????????? (????????2007?????)

9
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10
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11
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• ?????????????????????????????,????????????????????
  (spiritual)??,?????????????,????????????????????,?
  ?????????(enlightenment aspect)?(34?)
• ???????????,??????????????(the spiritual aspect
  of our life)?????????????????????????(spiritual)??
  ???,??????????,??????????(34?)

12
????????????(?????)(2007)

• ???????????????????,????????????????,????????????(
  spiritual)???????(1?)
• ?????? ??????????????????????????????????????,??
  ?????????(spiritual)???????????,??????????????????
  ????????????(1?)

13
?????????spirituality

• ??(transcendence)??????
• ????(raised awareness / profound awareness)

14
Hay Nye(1998)????????

• Awareness sensing
• The here-and-now experience
• Tuning
• Flow
• Focusing
• Mystery sensing ? Wonder and awe
• Value sensing
• Direct perception of value
• The sense of ultimate goodness
• The sense of meaning

15
Hay Nye(1998)????????

• Relational Consciousness ? the sense of oneness
  with
• the self
• people
• the world
• God
• history
• the future

16
Howard Gardner????????????

• In students and professionals, there is often a
  fault line between cognitive knowledge (which
  is well defined) and ethical actions (which are
  not), said Gardner.
• In the spectrum of ethical action, there is
  compromised work (cutting corners, for
  instance), and there is bad work, he said.
• (Ireland, 2007) http//www.news.harvard.edu/gazet
  te/2007/05.10/11-minds.html

17
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• ??????(non-materialistic values)???
• ???????(self-transcending)?????
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• ???????????????(the capacity to feel curiosity,
  wonder and awe)
• ????????????(openness to relations)

18
Spirituality??????????

• There has been an upsurge of interest in
  spirituality in many, perhaps all, late
  capitalist societies. This is a strange
  phenomenon indeed. Is there an inverse relation
  between increased secularization and increased
  attention to spirituality? (Thatcher, 1999, p.1)
• ????????
• ??spirituality????????????

19
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20
?????????????

• According to John Hick (1989), the various
  diverse religions each speak?in their different
  ways?of the wrong or distorted or deluded
  character of present human existence in its
  ordinary unchanged condition.
• Each religion offers its own way to the Real,
  leading to salvation/liberation, a new and
  limitlessly better quality of existence which
  comes about in the transition from
  self-centredness to Reality-centredness.

21
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22
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  ??,???????????????????????????????????
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  ?,?????

23
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24
?????????????

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• ??????(visualization)
• ???? (meditation)