Vaccines, Allergies and HIV/AIDS

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Vaccines, Allergies and HIV/AIDS

• Warm-up 5/20
• Why are the white blood cells called T-cell
  B-cells?
• Which cells are involved in the cell mediated
  specific immune response?
• Which cells are involved in the humoral specific
  immune response?

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PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE

• primary 1st time body encounters pathogens
• secondary 2nd time body encounters pathogen with
  memory cells (leftover B-cells and T-cells)
• p 966

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Memory Cells

• Some B-cells become memory cells (Bodys long
  term defense system)
• When exposed to a pathogen a 2nd time memory
  cells immediately recognize and destroy it before
  it causes illness.

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Vaccines

• Immunity ability to resist an infectious disease
• Vaccination introduction of antigens into body
  to cause immunity

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Vaccines

• Vaccine solution of dead or weakened pathogens
  that contains pathogens
• Antigens in vaccine produce a primary immune
  response
• Memory cells are created provide quick
  secondary immune response if antigen enters body
  again.
• Some Diseases that have been controlled through
  vaccines polio, measles, mumps, tetanus, and
  small pox

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Allergies

• Allergies Autoimmune diseases are the result of
  an immune system attacking something harmless.
• Allergy immune response to an antigen that is
  not a pathogen
• Include physical responses (itching, swelling,
  sneezing, death if severe)
• Asthma respiratory disorder triggered by
  antigens, swelling of the respiratory pathways
• Autoimmune Disease the immune system attacks
  ones own healthy cells

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HIV and AIDS

• pp. 970-972

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DEFINITIONS

• HIV human immunodeficiency virus Virus
• AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
  Disease weakened immune system caused by the
  infection of HIV
• HIV ? AIDS

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HIV

• caused by a retrovirus
• 1. has enzymes to
• transcribe its RNA to
• DNA
• 2. new DNA inserted into
• host cells DNA
• 3. host cell now makes
• proteins to assemble
• more HIV viruses

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• Infects helper T-cells and macrophages (CD4
  protein receptor cells)
• Why is this so bad?

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• Transmission through fluid containing the virus
  or cells with the virus (blood, sexually,
  breast-feeding)

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AIDS p.972
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• Course of the disease AIDS (acquired immune
  deficiency syndrome)
• Phase I (asymptomatic) few or no symptoms
• Phase II worsening of symptoms
• Phase III T-cell count goes below 200
• cells/mL (normal 600-700)

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• Opportunistic infections diseases that only
  strike because of a weakened immune system
• EX. Kaposis sarcoma, candidiasis,
  taxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, pneumonia

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• Treatments and vaccines
• A. mutates and evolves very quickly which
• makes it difficult to make a vaccine
• B. treatment consists of cocktails with
• some patients taking up to 50 pills a
  day
• (very expensive!)

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HW

• Due Wednesday Non-Specific Immune Response Poster
• Due Thursday Pathway of immune response. Colored
  cut out and reordered in notebook.
• Study Guide Due Thursday
• Exam Friday
• Intervention Wednesday Thursday After School

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Tracing Immune PathwayCut out, Colored and
Ordered
Initial Response Initial Response
Cell Mediated Humoral