EPI VACCINES

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EPI VACCINES
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BCG ( Bacille Calmette-Guerin)

• Protects infants against TB
• In powder form with diluents
• Must be discarded after 6 hrs. or at the end of
  the immunization session

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Type of vaccine Live Bacteria
Number of doses 1
Schedule At or as soon as possible after birth
Booster None
Contraindications Symptomatic HIV infection
Common Adverse rxn Local abcess
Special precautions Correct intradermal administration special syringe and needle
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Dosage .05 ml
Injection site Outer upper left arm or shoulder
Injection type intradermal
Storage Store bet. 2-8 degrees Celsius but not the diluents
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DPT Vaccine
Type of vaccine Diphtheria and tetanus as toxoids. Pertussis as killed whole-cell bacterium
Number of doses 3 primary doses
schedule 6,10,14 wks of age
Contraindication Anaphylactic reaction to previous dose
Adverse rxn Mild local or systemic reactions
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Special Precautions DPT not usually given over 6 yrs of age
Dosage 0.5 ml
Injection site Outer mid thigh in infant/ outer upper arm in older children
Injection type IM
Storage Store between 2-8 degrees Celsius should never be frozen
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Side effects

• Fever
• Soreness
• DPT vaccine should never be frozen.
• The shake test will determine if the vaccine has
  been damaged by freezing.
• If the vaccines fails the shake test discard it

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Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)
Type Live Oral Polio Vaccine
No. of Doses 3 doses
Schedule 6, 10, 14 weeks of age
Booster Supplementary doses given during polio eradication activities
Contraindications None
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Adverse Rxn VAPP very rarely (Approx. 2-4 cases/million children vaccinated)
Special Precautions Children known to have rare congenital immune deficiency syndrome
Dosage 2 drops
Storage Between -15-25 C
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Measles
Types Live attenuated Virus
No. of doses 1 dose
Schedule 9-11 mos. Of age
Booster 2nd opportunity (routine or campaign)
Contraindication Severe reaction to previous dose
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Adverse Rxn. Malaise, fever, rash, rarely encephalitis, anaphylaxis
Special Precaution None
Dosage .5ml
Injection site Outer mid thigh/ upper arm depending on the age
Injection Type Subcutaneous
Storage Between -15-25 C
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Hepatitis B Vaccine
Type Recombinant DNA or Plasma Derived
No. of doses 3 doses
Schedule Several options
Booster none
Contraindications Anaphylactic rxn to a previous dose
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Adverse Rxn. Local soreness and redness
Dosage .5ml
Injection site Outer mid thigh (infants) outer upper arm ( children and adult)
Injection Type Intramuscular
Storage Store between 2-8 C. Never Freeze
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Tetanus Toxoid
Type Toxoid as DT, TT or TD
No. of doses At least 2 primary doses
Schedule See next table
Booster TT/TD every 10 yrs or during pregnancy. DT 18 mos-6 yrs.
Contraindications Anaphylactic rxn
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Adverse Rxn Mild local or systemic reactions
Dosage .5 ml
Injection site Outer upper arm
Injection type Intramascular
Storage Store between 2-8 C. Never Freeze
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TT immunization schedule
Dose of TT When to give Expected duration of protection
1 At first contact or as early as possible in pregnancy none
2 At least 4 wks after TT1 1-3 yrs
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3 At least 6 mos. after TT2 or during subsequent pregnancy At least 5 yrs
4 At least 1 yr after TT3 or during subsequent pregnancy At least 10 yrs
5 At least 1 yr after TT4 or during subsequent pregnancy For all child bearing years and possibly longer
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Immunization schedule for children
Age EPI visit Antigens given With Birth Dose
Birth 0 BCG Hep B -birth
6 wks 1 OPV1, DPT1 Hep B2
10 wks 2 OPV2, DPT2
14 wks 3 OPV3, DPT3 Hep B3
9-12 mos. 4 Measles
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Indications

• Allergy or asthma
• Any minor illness such as respiratory tract
  infections or diarrhea with temperature below
  38.5C
• Family history of adverse events following
  immunization
• Family history of convulsion, seizures or fits
• Treatment with antibiotics

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• Known or suspected HIV infection with no signs
  and symptoms of AIDS
• Child being breastfed
• Chronic illnesses such as chronic diseases of the
  heart, lungs, kidney or liver
• Stable neurological conditions such as CP or
  Downs syndrome
• Premature or low birth weight

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• Malnutrition
• History of jaundice at birth

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Contraindications

• Anaphylaxis or severe hypersensitivity reaction
• Do not give BCG or yellow fever vaccine to an
  infant that exhibits the signs and symptoms of
  AIDS

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Giving vaccines at the same time

• If you are giving more than 1 vaccine DO NOT use
  the same syringe, DO NOT use the same arm or leg
  for more than 1 injection
• DO Not give more than 1 dose of the same vaccine
  in 1 session

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• Give doses of the same vaccine at the correct
  intervals.
• Note
• If a child has diarrhea when you give OPV
  administer an extra dose