Review of basic thermodynamics

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Review of basic thermodynamics
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Postulates of thermodynamicsI

• There exist particular states -- equilibrium
  states -- of simple systems that are
  characterized completely by the internal energy
  U, the volume V, and the mole numbers N_k of the
  chemical components

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Postulates of thermodynamicsII

• There exists a function called the entropy, S, of
  the extensive parameters of any composite system,
  defined for all equilibrium states and having the
  following property. The values assumed by the
  extensive parameters in the absence of any
  internal constraint are those that maximise the
  entropy over the manifold of constrained
  equilibrium states

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Postulates of thermodynamicsIII

• The entropy of a composite system is additive
  over the constituent subsystems. The entropy is
  continuous and differentiable and is a
  monotonically increasing function of the energy

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Postulates of thermodynamicsIV

• The entropy of any system vanishes at absolute
  zero

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Pressure in the deep Earth
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Temperature variation in the deep Earth
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Blueolivine, greenMgO, orangeforsterite,
blackAl2O3, browngrossular, purplepyrope,
redCaO