Reconstruction

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Reconstruction

• Fifth Grade

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Reconstruction

• Re- to do again
• Construct- build
• Reconstruction- to build again
• What is being reconstructed?
• Our country was badly damaged by the Civil
  Waremotionally and physically.
• Emotionally-there were lots of bad feelings
  between the Northern and Southern states
• Physically-homes, farms, hospitals were
  destroyedparticularly the South

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• Reconstruction of a Nation
• Reconstruction after the Civil War was the
  process of reorganizing the southern states into
  the Union. Throughout the South, livestock had
  been killed, as plantations and industries were
  destroyed. Productivity levels slowed down, and
  Southern productivity had depended on slave
  labor, which no longer existed.
• Without slaves after the war southern landholders
  reduced the size of their plantations.
  Landowners had to sell large portions of land.
  The concept of sharecropping began in the South.
  A tenant or sharecropper agreed to give the
  landowner, as rent, a portion of the crop raised
  from his labor. Sharecropping kept newly freed
  slaves in debt to landowners.

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• Reconstruction time period was from 1865-1877.
• President Lincolns goal was to unite southern
  states with the Union. The grand plan was to
  have a united nation.

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AIMS of Reconstruction
Abraham Lincoln
Preserve the Union and end Civil War quickly 13th
Amendment
Andrew Johnson
Humilate the Southern elite Wealthy Southerners
had to ask for a Presidential Pardon

• African Americans

Reunite families, Build churches Equal rights
land, education, voting
United States Congress
Fix all the problems 13, 14, 15
amendments Freedmens Bureau
Southerners
Return to a normal way of life Wanted to continue
to be treated better than blacks Black Codes
written to punish blacks
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• The Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth
  Amendments to the Constitution freed the slaves,
  gave them citizenship and guaranteed the right to
  vote regardless of race.
• The actions of the Freedmans Bureau were to
  eliminate injustices to blacks and poor whites.

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13th Amendment

• Freed the slaves everywhere in the United States.

President Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation was
the start of this, but it didnt free ALL slaves.
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14th Amendment

• Guaranteed citizenship to all African Americans

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15th Amendment

• Declared that all male citizens could vote and
  would not be denied because of race, creed, or
  previous condition of servitude.

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Tableau Time

• Divide into 6 groups
• Reconstruction
• 13th Amendment
• Black codes
• Freedmens Bureau
• 14th Amendment
• 15th Amendment
• Create a tableau.
• Write a script to explain.

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KKK

• The Ku Klux Klan was originally a social
  organization of ex-Confederate soldiers.
• It grew into a terrorist group
• The KKK used violence, intimidation and voter
  fraud to keep African Americans from exercising
  their rights under the 13th, 14th, and 15th
  amendments.
• The Goodings

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The Compromise of 1877

• Democrats agreed to support the election of the
  Republican candidate of 1876 (the election was
  riddled with fraud due to KKK and other voter
  fraud) in exchange for the removal of all federal
  troops from the South.
• Back to last slide

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Discrimination Groups and Laws

• Ku Klux Klan
• The Compromise of 1877
• Jim Crow Laws
• Plessy v Ferguson 1896
• Discrimination in the North vs. South

Supreme Court Justices that ruled on Plessy v
Ferguson
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Jim Crow Laws

• The name Jim Crow was ironically, a white mans
  imitation of a dancing and singing black
  stableman. As a result, the white performers gave
  the name to a system of segregation in the South.
  The Supreme Court ruled in 1896 in Plessey v.
  Ferguson that separate facilities for whites and
  blacks was constitutional. This form of
  discrimination took out the gains made by blacks
  during this time.

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Jim Crow Laws

• Jim Crow Laws were laws that promoted segregation
  in the South between the end of the
  Reconstruction period and the beginning of the
  Civil Rights movement.
• segregationseparation
• Return to discrimination groups and laws

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Review Questions

• How were African Americans lives changed by
  black codes after the Civil War?
• They were forced to move to Canada.
• They had to sign pledges to obey federal laws.
• They were denied many rights.
• The codes has no effect.

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Review Questions

• 2. Why was the Freedmens Bureau established?
• To help former slaves after the war.
• To punish the former Confederate states.
• To help African Americans settle in Europe.
• To elect Civil War generals to the Senate.

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Review Questions

• 3. Why were many in Congress offended by
  President Johnsons position on Reconstruction?
• They opposed the work of the Freedmens Bureau.
• President Johnson favored equal voting rights for
  women.
• They supported the efforts of the Ku Klux Klan in
  the South.
• South states could still limit the rights of
  African Americans.

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Effects on African Americans

• Rights Reasons Freedmens
• Restrictions to Relocate Bureau

Jim Crow Laws 40 acres Land/ Sharecropping Freedom
Black Codes Vote Grandfather Clause Reading
test Poll Taxes
Reunite with families Establish
communities Churches Schools businesses
Food Clothing Medical care Education Protection Fi
nd jobs Land
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Jump Start 1

• What was one of the major differences between a
  sharecropper and a slave?
• There was no difference.
• Sharecroppers were very wealthy.
• Sharecroppers were paid in shares for the work
  they did on the farm.
• Sharecroppers were paid in gold.

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Jump Start 2

• What enforced the separation of African Americans
  and other races in the South?
• Reconstruction laws
• Jim Crow laws
• Congress
• Freedmans Bureau

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Jump Start 3

• Why did Congress disagree with President
  Johnsons plan for Reconstruction?
• They did not want to include all of the southern
  states.
• They did not want slavery to end.
• It punished the South.
• They thought it was too easy on the South.

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Economic Social Effects of Reconstruction
Landowners
Poor Whites
Northerners
Freedmen
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True or False

1. The Emancipation Proclamation freed all
   slaves.
2. The Southerners aim for Reconstruction
   was to end the war, but to keep the slaves.
3. Jefferson Davis became president after
   Abraham Lincoln was assassinated.
4. President Lincoln wanted to unify the
   country as quickly as possible.
5. The 15th Amendment gave African
   Americans, men and women, the right to vote.

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The Black Codes I Am Poem

• I am (two special characteristics)
• I wonder (something you are actually curious
  about)
• I hear (an imaginary sound)
• I see (an imaginary sight)
• I want (an actual desire)
• I am (the first line of the poem restated)
• I pretend (something you pretend to do)
• I feel (a feeling about something imaginary)
• I touch (an imaginary touch)
• I worry (something that really bothers you)
• I cry (something that makes you very sad)
• I am (the first line of the poem repeated)

• I understand (something you know is true)
• I say (something you believe in)
• I dream (something you actually dream about)
• I try (something you make an effort to do)
• I hope (something you actually hope for)
• I am (the first line of the poem repeated)

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The Black Codes I Am Poem

• I am a strong FREED African American.
• I wonder if this freedom is really free.
• I hear the voices of other freed slaves, heading
  for their new homes.
• I see a Freedmens Bureau up ahead.
• I want to start my new life on a farm of my
  own.
• I am a strong FREED African American.
• I pretend that Im not afraid.
• I feel frightened that a Night Rider might
  capture or kill me.
• I touch the scars on my back from the whippings
  at the whipping tree.
• I worry that I wont survive on my own.
• I cry when I think of what it means to be free.
• I am a strong FREED African American.

• I understand President Lincoln has been shot.
• I say it wont make a difference.
• I dream that I will get my 40 acres and a mule.
• I try to remain positive.
• I hope for a better life.
• I am a strong FREED African American.

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Jim Crow Laws 15th amendment 14th Amendment 13th
Amendment Freedmens Bureau
Match these words with their descriptions

1. Helped 4 million freedmen after the war.
2. Laws that enforced segregation
3. Granted citizenship to African Americans
4. Abolished slavery
5. Granted all men the right to vote.

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Short Answer Questions(in COMPLETE sentences)

1. What was the overall goal of the 13th, 14th, and
   15th amendments?
2. How were the lives of African Americans made more
   difficult after the end of Reconstruction?
3. What effect did black codes have on African
   Americans?
4. Why were many African Americans still unable to
   vote even after the 15th amendment was passed?
5. Explain the system of sharecropping. Why many
   African Americans forced into this system after
   being freed? Sharecropping is