Reconstruction

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• Reconstruction
• Standards 4.4 4.5

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• How can Northern resources help the South? Will
  they?
• In what ways can the South rebuild its economy?
• What can the Government do to assist African
  Americans?

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How is reconstruction going to work?

• Abraham Lincolns plan

Andrew Johnsons plan

• Ten Percent Plan Government would pardon all
  confederate states if 10 of the voters in the
  1860 election took this oath of allegiance.

• Excludes Confederate leaders wealthy
  landownersCongress rejects new Southern govts.
  and congressmen

Radical Republicans think these plans are too
lenient
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Presidential Reconstruction
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• Radical Republicans- led by Thaddeus Stevens of
  Penn. and Charles Sumner of Mass.- wanted to
  destroy all political power of former
  slaveholders
• Expected full rights to be given to freedmen
• Congress passes the Wade-Davis bill- Lincoln
  vetoes- power struggle betw. Pres. and Congress

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• Lincoln dies
• Johnsons plan does nothing to solve problems of
  landowning, voting and protection of the freed
  slaves
• Johnson pardoned Confederate leaders-many of the
  same people were elected
• Congress convenes and refuses to seat the new
  southern representatives

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Congressional Reconstruction
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• Congressional Reconstruction
• Reconstruction Act of 1867 divides Confederacy
  into districts-troops stationed in each
• Fourteenth Amendment grants full citizenship to
  African Americans
• Freedmens Bureau provides social services,
  medical care, education to Southern blacks and
  poor whites

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Military Districts
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Military Districts
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• Southern states passed Black Codes - laws that
  limited southern blacks politically, socially and
  economically- no blacks on juries- cant carry
  guns,no travel without permits,etc.

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Johnson is impeached!

• Johnson is impeached- he fired Sec. of War
  Stanton and broke the Tenure of Office Act
• Real reason for impeachment
• b/c he did not enforce reconstruction laws in
  the South

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• Ulysses S. Grant (Union general) is elected
  president in 1868 and received 90 of
  African-American votes
• Fifteenth Amendment African Americans are
  granted suffrage

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Changes for African Americans

• Hiram Revels is first black senator (Miss.)
• Sharecropping a family would farm a portion of
  someones land in exchange for housing and a
  share of the crop.
• Tenant Farming families would rent the land and
  farm it.
• Ku Klux Klan Southern group which formed during
  reconstruction and became a violent terrorist
  organization.
• Wanted to restore white supremacy

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• Sharecropping in Arkansas
• Included both freed slaves and poor whites
• Farmed the land in exchange for part of the crop
  and housing

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• Ku Klux Klan meeting
• Known for cross burning and violence towards
  African Americans
• Developed during Reconstruction in the South

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Southern Bitterness

• Carpetbaggers Northerners who migrated South for
  business. Southerners saw these carpetbaggers as
  taking advantage of them.
• Scalawags Southerners who supported
  reconstruction

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Democrats redeem the South

• 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) is elected
  president. (election was questioned)
• The Compromise of 1877 struck deal election
  Hayes and ending Reconstruction
• Southern state governments redeem their power in
  the South and reconstruction ends (Redemption
  Governments)

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• Jim Crow laws kept the races separate by
  segregating facilities Plessy v. Ferguson said
  separation of the races is legal as long as the
  facilities are equal
• Literacy tests, poll taxes and the Grandfather
  clause keep African Americans from voting

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End of Reconstruction