Franklin Delano Roosevelt

1
Franklin Delano Roosevelt

• And the New Deal

2
Hoovers efforts for reform

• Voluntary Action- Counted on business leaders to
  help and maintain wages
• By 1931 wages dropped.
• Agricultural Marketing Act- Designed to stabilize
  market prices.
• Lost 150 million and failed to stabilize
• Spent money on roads and other public projects.
• Began construction on Boulder Dam in 1930.
• Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)- Lent
  money to banks and large industries like
  railroads and insurance

3
Hoover Cont.

• Bonus Army- 20,000 jobless WWI veterans marched
  on Washington.
• Wanted pension bonus due in 1945.
• House agreed and Senate refused.
• Lived in shacks and set up Hooverville.
• Hoover called in General Douglas Mac Arthur,
  Major Dwight D. Eisenhower and Army to move them
  out.
• Conflict was ugly as veterans fought their own
  military.
• 2 Shot
• 1 Baby died
• 1 Child blinded

4
Roosevelt vs. Hoover

• Role of government
• Hoover- Conservative
• FDR- Liberal

5
Electoral College Results 1932
6
1932 Election Results

• Popular Votes
• 22,818,740 Roosevelt
• 15,760,425 Hoover
• Electoral Votes
• 472 Roosevelt
• 59 Hoover

7
20th Amendment

• Hoover lost the election in November 1932
• FDR took office in March 1933
• Hoovers lame duck period of time triggered
  change.
• Changed inauguration date to January 20th

8
Roosevelt (D)

• 1920 caught Polio, spent rest of 20s recovering
  at Warm Springs, GA.
• Harvard educated, NY State Senate, Ass. Sec. of
  Navy under Wilson.
• Governor of NY 1929-32
• Established unemployment commission and relief
  administration.
• I pledge myself to a new deal for the American
  people. DNC July 1932

9
New Deal

• Americans had to give up their beliefs of making
  it on their own. They turned to their
  government.
• So first of all let me assert my firm belief
  that the only thing we have to fear is fear
  itself.
• FDRs inauguration 1933

10
New Deal

• Bold, persistent experimentation.
• People welcomed the New Deal.
• First Hundred Days
• Three Goals
• Relief- Immediate action taken to halt financial
  deterioration.
• Recovery- Temporary programs to restart the flow
  of consumer demand.
• Reform Permanent programs to avoid another
  depression and insure citizens against economic
  disasters.

11
FDRs First moves

• Bank Holidays
• March 5th 1933- 4 days
• Emergency Banking Act- inspect bank health
• FDIC
• Federal Securities Act
• Securities Exchange Commission
• Took the American dollar off the gold standard

12
Second New Deal

• More social programs
• Stricter controls over business
• Stronger support for unions
• Higher taxes on the rich
• Revenue act of 1935 (Wealth Tax)
• Raised Taxes on those with incomes over 50,000
  (Individuals and Businesses)

13
2nd New Deal Cont.

• Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Board)
  Allowed for Collective Bargaining and closed
  shops.
• Outlawed black listing and spying on Unions
• Social Security Act
• Old age pensions and survivors benefits
• Paid in while working then collect at age 65
• Unemployment insurance
• Aid for dependant children, the blind and
  disabled.
• 1936 election won 523-8 in the Electoral College

14
Conflict of Ideas

• Conservative vs. Liberal vs. Radical
• Too Much
• Socialization of the nation
• Penalizing the wealthy
• Limiting freedom
• Not enough
• Upton Sinclair, Socialist on Dem. ticket in CA
• Resurgence in Progressivism
• Called for redistribution of wealth

15
New Deal Hits a Bump

• Supreme Court strikes down two important programs
• NIRA- Gave President law making powers and
  regulated local commerce.
• AAA- tax that funded farm aid.
• Critics claimed he still was not impacting the
  normal people.

16
Who were the Critics of the New Deal?

• Demagogues-strategy for gaining political power
  by playing on peoples fears or passions using
  rhetoric or propaganda.
• Women
• Jobs went to men and boys
• Often excluded from regulations
• African Americans
• Southern Segregation continued.
• Skilled jobs were not offered to blacks.
• SSA Did not cover farm or domestic workers.
• Last hired-first fired.
• Failed Anti-lynching law in 1938.

17
Court-Packing

• Suggested changing the number of justices from 9
  to 15.
• 1 new justice for every current justice over the
  age of 70.
• Wanted to lighten the load for the aging
  justices
• or swing the tide toward FDRs favor.

18
Legacy of the New Deal

• Strengthened unions and labor rights
• Encouraged organization and cooperation
• American Federation of Labor
• Congress of Industrial Organizations
• Era of Strikes
• GM, FORD Steel Workers
• Sit Down Strikes

19
Legacy of Culture

• Literature, The Grapes of Wrath
• Organized community symphonies
• WPA
• Assisted 6,000 artists
• Federal Art Project, put artists to work in
  public buildings painting murals and creating
  portraits.
• Federal Theatre Project

20
Legacy Into Today

• Public Works- FDIC, TVA, SEC
• Farming- Planting according to the Federal Crop
  Allotment
• SSA- Amendments helped farm workers, women and
  dependants
• 1 Answer- Restored a sense of HOPE to the
  American people.

21
Modern Day Critics

• Believed his actions slowed the market.
• Created make work jobs instead of free market
  jobs that should naturally form.
• Paying farmers not to plant, expensive and
  continues.
• Deficit Spending
• Spending gt taxes
• Emergence into WWII stimulated the economy.