Compare%20

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Compare Contrast Hoover Roosevelt
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Todays Objective

• Students will compare and contrast the
  strategies used by both President Hoover and
  Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the Great
  Depression.

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Pair-Share

• If you were President during the Great Depression
  what strategies would you use to try to combat
  the Great Depression and help those in need?

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Herbert Hoover1929-1933
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• Describe what you see
• Who does the sign blame for their problems?
• How does this make you feel towards Hoover?

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Film Clip Welcome to Hooverville
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Election of 1928Hoover (Republican) vs. Smith
(Democrat)

• Hoover Pro-business, conservative, belief in the
  individual, advocate of small federal government,
  Protestant
• Smith Democrat, pro public health, workers
  compensation, civil liberties, government control
  of some industries, Catholic
• Hoover won
• Voters believed prosperity of the 1920s was
  because of the Republican party

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• 6 months after election the stock market crashed
  worst depression in American History

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Hoover Struggles with the Depression

• Philosophy
• Hoover opposed any form of federal welfare, or
  direct relief to the needy.
• Handouts would weaken a persons moral fiber.
• Relief, he thought, should come from private
  organizations.
• Hoovers philosophy angered and frustrated many
  suffering Americans.

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Hoovers Radio Address on Unemployment Relief

• No governmental action, no economic doctrine, no
  economic plan or project can replace that
  God-imposed responsibility of the individual man
  and woman to their neighbors. That is a vital
  part of the very soul of the people. If we shall
  gain in this spirit from this painful time, we
  shall have created a greater and more glorious
  America. The trial of it is here now. It is a
  trial of the heart and conscience, of individual
  men and women. . . . (October 18, 1931)

• 1. Who does Hoover believe should help Americans
  during the Depression?
• 2. Why do you think he believes this?
• 3. What painful time is he talking about?
• 4. Imagine you are unemployed as a result of the
  Great Depression.
• 5. What are your feelings towards this statement?

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Who did Hoover try to help?

• By helping the wealthy, it was believed that
  financial health would trickle down to help
  people at the bottom
• Known as Trickle Down Economics
• This theory did not work. Businesses used the
  extra money to improve their businesses instead
  of helping the workers.

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Who did Hoover try to help?

• Hawley-Smoot Tariff
• Highest protective tariff in the U.S.
• Designed to protect American farmers and business
  from foreign competition.
• It had the opposite effect world trade fell 40

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Who did Hoover try to help?

• Reconstruction Finance Corporation
• 2 billion for emergency financing for banks,
  life insurance companies, railroads and other
  large businesses.
• Believed the would trickle-down to the average
  citizen through job growth and higher wages.
• Too little, too late

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Who did Hoover try to help?

• Construction of Boulder Dam (Hoover Dam)
• 700 million public works program

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Anti-Hoover Sentiment

• Americans grew more and more frustrated by the
  depression as time passed
• Farmers burned their crops rather than sell it at
  a loss
• As an insult to the president, shantytowns were
  dubbed Hoovervilles, and newspapers that were
  used to keep warm were called Hoover Blankets.
• Hoover, who was once seen as a humanitarian, was
  now seen as a cold and heartless leader.

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The Bonus Army

• In 1932, thousands of WWI veterans marched into
  Washington D.C. demanding their bonuses
• The bonuses were not to be paid off until 1945,
  but they wanted their bonuses immediately
• The Patman Bill would have given the army their
  bonuses immediately it did not pass
• Hoover decided to forcibly remove the war
  veterans by using tear gas
• Many people were injured, several killed

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Hoovers Legacy

• Hoover could not effectively deal with the
  Depression.
• He was viewed as uncaring and unsympathetic
  towards the sufferings of Americans
• This would eventually lead to his losing the
  election of 1932 to Franklin Delano Roosevelt

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Election of 1932

• The Republicans re-nominated President Hoover as
  their candidate, yet they were aware they had
  little chance of winning.
• The Democrats nominated Franklin Delano
  Roosevelt, FDR, a two term governor of New York.
• Roosevelt won the presidency by capturing nearly
  23 million votes over Hoover 16 million votes.
• In the Senate, Democrats claimed a 2/3 majority
  and in the House they won almost ¾ of the seats.

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Roosevelt won the election by a landslide
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt1933-1945
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FDR Becomes President
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The Rise of FDR

• 1910 Senator
• Assistant Secretary of the Navy
• 1921 Stricken with Polio and became paralyzed
• 1928 Governor of New York

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The New Deal What was it?
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Roosevelts plan for fixing the Great Depression
The New Deal

• Focus on helping Americans by offering the 3 Rs
• Relief
• Recovery
• Reform

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A political cartoon of the forgotten man
shaking hands with FDR. The caption reads,
Yes, you remembered me.
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Relief

• The government will give direct help or relief to
  those who are suffering
• May be food, clothing, shelter

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Recovery

• The government will provide jobs to help
  Americans recover from the Depression

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Reform

• The government will regulate (make rules) for
  business
• No more laissez faire

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Roosevelts Actions

1. Gave Fireside Chats to calm people over the
   depression
2. Hired the best thinkers/problem solvers to fix
   the Depression (Brain Trust)

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The Bank Holiday

• On March 5--the day after being sworn into
  office--Roosevelt stepped into the breach and
  declared a "bank holiday," which, for four days
  forced the closure of the nation's banks and
  halted all financial transactions.
• The "holiday" not only helped stem the frantic
  run on banks, but gave Roosevelt time to push the
  Emergency Banking Act through the legislative
  chain.
• Passed by Congress on March 9, the act handed the
  president a far-reaching grip over bank dealings
  and "foreign transactions."
• The legislation also paved the path for solvent
  banks to resume business as early as March 10.
• Three short days later nearly 1,000 banks were up
  and running again

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Court Packing Plan

• President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's "New Deal
  faced many challenges in the courts
• The Supreme Court struck down several provisions
  and statutes included in New Deal programs
  claiming that they were unconstitutional
• The plan would have given the president the power
  to add one justice for every Supreme Court
  justice over age 70, up to a total of six
• FDR claimed that the older justices were not able
  to handle the increasing workload and the
  additional justices would improve the Court's
  efficiency
• The underlying purpose was to obtain favorable
  rulings regarding New Deal legislation that had
  been previously ruled unconstitutional
• Ultimately, the bill does not pass.

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Packing the Court
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(No Transcript)
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Wrap-Up ActivityHoover vs FDR

• In this activity you will be assessed on how well
  you know the differences between Hoover and FDR.
• The entire class will work together to place
  descriptions under the correct President on the
  board.
• You can select only 1 person to place the
  descriptions. Everyone else must remain seated.
• You will have 3 minutes to complete this task.
• If you have the correct descriptions under the
  correct Presidents, all teams will win 10 extra
  credit points.
• If any of them are incorrect, no team will get
  points.

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Wrap-Up ActivityHoover vs FDR

• You must do this activity in SILENCE!
• If anyone talksthe entire class is disqualified!
• You will have 30 seconds to choose the person who
  will place the descriptions on the board. That
  person cannot look at the description.
• begin clock

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Compare and Contrast