Richard Nixon

1
Richard Nixon

• 1969-1974

2
Richard Nixon Administration

• Domestic Agenda
• Revenue Sharing
• Environmental Protection Agency
• Water Quality Improvement Act
• Clean Air Act
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration

3
Foreign Policy

• Henry Kissinger
• Grand Design
• Multipolar approach
• Various centers of world power
• Normalization
• China
• February 1972

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Foreign Policy (2)

• Détente
• Thawing out or resting the tensions between the
  Soviet Union and the US.
• Soviet Union
• May 1972
• Anti Ballistic Missile Treaty (
• Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT)
• Planned to limit nuclear arms the two nations (SU
  and US) had been working on for years.

5
Election of 1972

• Republicans
• Richard Nixon / Spiro Agnew
• Democrats
• George McGovern / Thomas Eagleton
• Shock Therapy
• Sargent Shriver

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Watergate Begins

• Burglary at DNC Headquarters
• Organized by the Committee to Re-Elect the
  President (CREEP)
• Howard Hunt, G. Gordon Liddy
• WATERGATE
• (caused rapid and deep decline in public trust in
  gov.)
• Cover-up
• H.R. Haldeman
• Bob Woodward and
• Carl Bernstein
• Special Prosecutor
• Archibald Cox

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More Problems

• VP Agnew
• Resigns, October 1973
• Bribery
• Gerald Ford
• Saturday Night Massacre
• Elliot Richardson Attorney General
• William Ruckelshaus deputy AG
• Cox

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End of Nixon

• W. Mark Felt
• White House Tapes
• 18½ minutes
• Executive Privilege
• (principle that White House conversations should
  remain confidential to protect national
  security,)
• US v. Nixon
• Smoking Gun
• August 8, 1974
• NIXON RESIGNS

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Ford and Carter

• Presidents of the late 70s

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Gerald Ford

• Pardoned Nixon
• Claimed sympathy to Nixon, however caused Ford
  fierce criticism.
• Congressional Investigations
• CIA assassinations
• FBI illegal wiretaps
• May 1975
• Mayaguez incident
• Cambodia

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Economic Problems

• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
  (OPEC)
• Embargo
• 1973
• Stagflation
• Inflation rising unemployment
• Whip Inflation Now

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Election of 1976

• Republicans
• Gerald Ford
• Ronald Reagan
• Democrats
• Jimmy Carter
• Are you better off now than you were four years
  ago?
• Big on Energy saving

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Carter Administration

• Created
• Department of Energy
• Department of Education
• Conflict with Congress
• Stagflation continues

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Foreign Affairs

• Camp David Accords 1978
• Egypt and Israel
• Anwar el-Sadat, Menachim Begin
• Framework for Peace in the Middle East
• Panama Canal Treaty 1979
• Return of Canal Zone
• Finalized 1999

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Collapse of Detente

• SALT II
• Ratification delayed
• Invasion of Afghanistan
• December 1979
• Carters Response
• Halt in grain and technology sales
• Boycott of 1980 Summer Olympics (Moscow)

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Iran

• 1979 Revolution
• July overthrow of the Shah
• November Takeover of US Embassy
• Iran Hostage Crisis
• Immediate economic sanctions
• A failed military rescue
• Negotiations for the release of the hostages
• -Nov. 4, 1979-Jan. 20, 1981

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Ronald Reagan

• Peace Through Strength

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Election of 1980

• Democrats
• Jimmy Carter / Walter Mondale
• Republicans
• Ronald Reagan / George H. W. Bush
• Issues
• Continued Stagflation
• Cold War
• Iran Hostage Crisis

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• Nancy Reagan headed a national campaign in the
  1980s to address the social concern of ILLEGAL
  DRUG USE (think 1970s)

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Conservative v. Liberal

• Political philosophies
• Government role in
• Economy
• Social Concerns
• Power of Federal government vs. states
• Idea of what is fair
• Equality of opportunity vs. outcome

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Reaganomics

• Reduce Government spending
• Reduce income taxes and capital gains taxes
• Reduce government regulations
• Reduce Inflation by controlling the money supply

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Economic Results

• Interest rates
• 21.5 in 1981
• 10.5 in 1983
• Unemployment
• 10 in 1983
• 7 in 1984
• Inflation
• 7 in 1982
• 4in 1984

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Other Events

• Sandra Day OConnor
• First Woman on Supreme Court
• 1981 Air Traffic Controllers Strike
• Fired
• Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
• Emerged in 1980s led to a worldwide epidemic and
  one of the largest health concern in regard to
  investigating its prevention.
• Space Shuttle Challenger EXPLODES ON LAUNCH
• January 1986

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Foreign Policy

• Standing up to Communism
• Increase in Defense Spending
• Strategic Defense Initiative
• Star Wars
• Lebanon
• Civil War
• Marines
• Terrorism

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Election of 1984

• Republicans
• Reagan / Bush
• Democrats
• Walter Mondale /
• Geraldine Ferraro
• Ronald Reagan will raise your taxes. And so
  will I.

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Iran-Contra Scandal

• American Hostages held in Lebanon
• US sells weapons to Iran
• (illegal after 1979 Iranian Revolution)
• They influence terrorists to release hostages

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Iran-Contra Scandal (2)

• Contras in Nicaragua
• Fighting a communist government (Sandinistas)
• Profits from weapon sales to Iran
• Sent to the Contras
• (illegal also)
• Discovered in 1986

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Relations with the USSR

• Spending to end the Cold War
• Defense
• Force them to keep up
• They cant

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Relations with the USSR (2)

• 1985
• Mikhail Gorbachev
• Glasnost
• Perestroika
• American-Soviet Summits
• Geneva, Iceland
• July 1987, Berlin
• Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!

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Impact of Cold War Defense Spending

• Expanded businesses and employment
• Growth of high tech industries
• New Research and Development

• Foreign Policy to Israel
• Strong political support and billions of dollars
  in economic aid.

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1970s-1990s

• 70s and 80s political characteristics of the US
  are BEST described as a RESURGENCE OF
  CONSERVATISM
• (especially after Vietnam and Cold War tensions
  around the world)

• U.S foreign policy approach

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Technology of the 70s, 80s, 90s

• Additional Available energy affected the American
  way of life
• (through Carter a lot and the Space exploration
  of Cold War)
• Lead to many new innovations and new technology.

• GPS
• Cell Phones
• Plastics
• Satellites
• Genetic engineering
• Alternative Fuels
• Personal computers
• Memory Foam
• Internet
• Digital TV

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People in the Scene

• Jerry Falwell
• Advocator for social policies that reflected the
  point of view of evangelical Christians, group
  called Moral Majority
• Bill Gates
• Philanthropist, small entrepreneurs. founded
  Microsoft
• Sam Walton
• Founder of Wal-Mart. Small entrepreneurs. Started
  working in JC Penny then Ben Franklin stores in
  Arkansas
• Estee Lauder
• American businesswoman co-founder with her
  husband with the cosmetic company Estee Lauder

• Billy Graham
• Widely-respected Christian evangelical preacher
  has served often as a religious counselor to
  American Presidents since the Truman
  administration.
• Dolores Huerta
• Co-founder of the United Farm Workers Association
  and fought for discrimination with Cesar Chavez.
• Lionel Sosa
• independent marketing consultant, and nationally
  recognized portrait artist.
• (TIME magazine 25 most influential Hispanics in
  America)