The%20Berlin%20Wall

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The Berlin Wall

• - At 2 a.m. on Aug. 13, 1961, a low, barbed-wire
  
• barrier was strung between East and West
  Berlin. It effectively divided the city in half.
• - East Germans were very poor and many were
  moving to West Germany.
• - The Soviets built a wall to prevent East
  Germans from slipping into the West.
• - This project almost launched the world into a
• nuclear conflict
•  

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• Chapter 20 (Sec. 4)
• The Soviet Union Rise and Fall
• -After WWII, the USSR emerged as a superpower
• - Stalin increased the Soviet sphere of influence
  across Europe

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Nikita Khrushchev

• - emerged as the new Soviet leader in 1956
• - began a policy of de-Stalinization free
  political prisoners, and reduced censorship
• - wanted the US and USSR to "peacefully
  coexistence"

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Leonid Brezhnev

• - lead the USSR from the mid 1960's - 1982
• - locked up dissidents (people who spoke out
  against the government)
• - turned back to Stalin type policies

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Successes in the Soviet Union

• - government poured money into weapons and
  science
• - launched the first satellite into orbit in 1957
  (Sputnik)
• - also put the first man into space
• - low rent, cheap bread free health care, day
  care for children, low unemployment

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Soviet Foreign Policy

• - Stalin asserted control over Easter Europe
• - Khrushchev set up the Warsaw Pact in 1955

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Developing countries

• - the USSR sought to win friends in developing
  nations
• - they offered these nations economic and
  military support (Cuba and other nations in Latin
  America)
• - this policy eventually led to armed conflict

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• Soviets backed North Korea Korean War
• (1950-53)
• Soviets backed North Vietnam Vietnam War
• (1963-73)
• 1961 - Berlin Wall is constructed
• 1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis
• 1979 - Soviets invade Afghanistan
• (this war drained the Soviet economy)

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Collapse of the Soviet Union

• 1985 - Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in
• - sought to end cold war tensions with the US
• - pulled Soviet troops out of Afghanistan
• - signed arms control treaties with the US
•  Glasnost - policy of openness
• Perestroika - restructuring of the government
• - these reforms brought economic chaos prices
  soared and the Soviet "Ruble" became worthless

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1991 The Soviet Union Breaks up

• - Estonia. Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, East
  Germany, Romania, Bulgaria break away from the
  USSR
• - coup attempts to over throw Gorbachev, he
  resigns
• - after 74 years, the Soviet Union ceased to
  exist

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Russia

• - had been the largest of the Soviet nations
• - Boris Yeltsin became President of Russia
• - the country was in disarray
• - organized crime flourished
• - economically Russia collapsed, could not pay
  its soldiers

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Chechnya

• - Russian province that attempted to break away
  in 1994, turned into a major armed conflict

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Russia Today

• 2000 - Vladimir Putin is elected President
  (former head of the Soviet secret police KGB)

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Deterrence

• The policy of making America and its allies so
  militarily strong that it would deter
  (discourage, prevent) any attack.

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The Korean War

• 1950-1953
• South Korea invaded by North Korean Communist
  forces
• The U.N. votes to help S.K. repel the invasion

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The Korean War

• United States/ South Korea
• VS
• North Korea/China
• -Armistice signed in 1953
• -No Real Victory

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The Cuban Missile Crisis
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The Cuban Missile Crisis
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The Cuban Missile Crisis
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The Cuban Missile Crisis

• Oct. 1962
• Soviets ship nuclear weapons capable of hitting
  the US to Cuba
• President Kennedy orders a naval blockade of Cuba
• Weapons are eventually returned to the Soviet
  Union

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Vietnam
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Vietnam