WARM AUGUST 31

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WARM AUGUST 31
ESSENTIAL QUESTION PAGE 6
SS8H1a How did the Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
Mississippian cultures change over time?
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SS8H1a
How did the Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
Mississippian cultures change over time?
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SS8H1The student will evaluate the
development of Native American cultures and the
impact of European exploration and settlement on
the Native American cultures in Georgia.
Concepts Individuals Groups
Institutions Technological Innovation
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The student will understand that the actions of
Individuals and Groups affect society through
intended and unintended consequences.What are
some groups in your school, community, or
state?How are the Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
Mississippian cultures similar to one another?
How are they different?

• Individuals Groups

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The student will understand that technological
innovations have consequences, both intended and
unintended.What are some inventions that have
made the civilization we live in today more
advanced? What inventions allowed the
Mississippian culture to become more populated
than the Paleo, Archaic, and Woodland cultures?

• Technological Innovation

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SS8H1a
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SS8H1aDescribe the evolution of Native
American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
Mississippian) prior to European contact.

• Concepts
• Individuals Groups Institutions
• Technological Innovation

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PALEO PERIOD

• Before Europeans came to Georgia, prehistoric
  Native Americans experienced four stages of
  cultural development, or traditions.
  Anthropologists call the first tradition the
  Paleo Indian period. They are the first because
  they were the first group of people to inhabit
  North America by crossing the Beringia land
  bridge during the Ice Age from Asia (where the
  Bering Strait is today) as long ago as 10,000
  BCE. Paleo means "ancient or very old, and the
  Paleo Indians were so ancient that we know little
  about them. We do know that they got what they
  needed to survive from nature. Paleo Indians
  hunted animals that are extinct today, such as
  giant bison and elephant-like mastodons. Hunting
  provided meat food, bones for tools, and skins
  for clothing and blankets. They also ate wild
  fruits and vegetables. Stones were used as tools
  and shaped into spearheads. Paleo Indians did not
  build permanent homes because they were nomadic.
  They moved around in bands, or groups of about
  twenty, in search of food. Very little of
  Paleo-Indian civilization has survived. The only
  artifacts that archeologists have found are stone
  spearheads like the clovis point and a few other
  tools such as the atlatl, a sling like device
  used to throw spears.

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EARLY PALEO SHELTERS
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EARLY PALEO SHELTERS
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PALEO INDIAN STONE POINTS
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PALEO SPEAR POINT
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PALEO SPEAR POINT
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PALEO / ARCHAICATLATL SPEAR
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PALEO PERIOD HUNTING THE WOOLY MAMMOTH
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THE PALEO HUNT
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PALEO FOOD
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PALEO FOOD
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SS8H1aDescribe the evolution of Native
American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
Mississippian) prior to European contact.

• Concepts
• Individuals Groups Institutions
• Technological Innovation

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ARCHAIC PERIOD

• The second tradition of Georgia's prehistoric
  people was the Archaic Indian period. Around
  8,000 BCE, the earth began to get warmer. The
  animals Paleo Indians hunted disappeared due to
  climate change or overhunting. Archaic Native
  Americans hunted smaller animals, such as deer
  and rabbits. To make hunting easier, they burned
  down trees to create clearings that attracted
  animals. Archaic Indians differed from Paleo
  Indians in other ways as well. They ate a wider
  range of foods, including nuts and shellfish.
  They left large piles of shells, called middens,
  near the coast. Perhaps their biggest innovation
  was making pottery from clay. This suggests that
  they moved around less than their ancestors,
  since it would be hard to travel with many clay
  pots, however, they were still nomadic as they
  did not live in permanent villages, but instead
  moved during each season. Another common
  artifact from the period is the stone axe used to
  clear forests and plant seeds for crops. This
  was the early stage of horticulture that would
  become more advanced in the Woodland and
  Mississippian periods.

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ARCHAIC SHELTERS
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ARCHAIC FOOD
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ARCHAIC TOOLS
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ARCHAIC WEAPONS
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ARCHAIC ATLATL HUNTS
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ARCHAIC FEAST
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SS8H1aDescribe the evolution of Native
American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
Mississippian) prior to European contact.

• Concepts
• Individuals Groups Institutions
• Technological Innovation

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WOODLAND PERIOD

• The third tradition of Georgia's prehistoric
  people was the Woodland Indian period. This
  period began around 1000 B.C. and lasted some two
  thousand years. Unlike their ancestors, Woodland
  Native Americans were not as nomadic. They built
  villages, with houses meant to last. They also
  developed agriculture. Woodland people cleared
  fields and planted seeds, growing corn and beans.
  Woodland hunters began using bows and arrows.
  Because of these changes, they had a bigger food
  supply than earlier Native Americans, so the
  population grew and tribes formed. Woodland
  Native Americans began forming tribes, large
  groups of people with similar languages and
  religions led by chiefs. They also began to build
  mounds of earth and stone, in different sizes and
  shapes. Some mounds were parts of villages
  others were religious or burial sites. Examples
  of Woodland period mounds are Rock Eagle and the
  Kolomoki mounds. These mounds suggests that the
  Woodland Indians used religious ceremonies to
  honor their dead and believed in an after-life
  because of the items buried in the mounds.

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WOODLAND TOOLS
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WOODLAND HUNTING TOOLS
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CLAY POTTERY
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WOODLAND COOKING
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WOODLAND HOMES
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ROCK EAGLE
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WARM SEPTEMBER 7
ESSENTIAL QUESTION PAGE 6
SS8H1a How did the Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
Mississippian cultures change over time?
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SS8H1a
How did the Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
Mississippian cultures change over time?
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SS8H1aDescribe the evolution of Native
American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
Mississippian) prior to European contact.

• Concepts
• Individuals Groups Institutions
• Technological Innovation

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MISSISSIPPIAN PERIOD

• The fourth prehistoric tradition, the
  Mississippian Indian period, began around
  A.D.700. Mississippians relied on agriculture
  even more than their ancestors and celebrated
  during the Green Corn Festival. They also raised
  livestock. With more food, the Native American
  population increased further. As a result,
  Mississippians built permanent villages. Many
  villages had public squares and protective outer
  walls known as a palisade. Houses were usually
  made of wood and clay, a method called wattle and
  daub. Mississippians even built cities. Tribes
  grew larger in the Mississippian period. Two
  tribes in Georgia were the Creek and later the
  Cherokee. As the tribes grew, a chiefdom had one
  leader and might cover many villages. Within
  tribes, groups of relatives formed clans. Both
  Creek and Cherokee tribes were matrilineal
  (ancestry traced through mothers side of
  family). We know more about the Mississippians
  than about their ancestors because they left
  behind more artifacts. We know that villages and
  tribes from as far away as the Great Plains,
  Mexico, and Guatemala traded with each other.
  Artifacts such as pipes and jewelry show that the
  Mississippians were religious and artistic.
  Mississippians left behind many flat top mounds.
  On top of the mounds were buildings, used as
  houses or temples. The mounds were also burial
  sites, holding shell and copper artifacts. Many
  mounds still stand in Georgia, including the
  Etowah Indian mounds in nearby Cartersville.
  This period was the high point of prehistoric
  civilization in Georgia. When Europeans arrived
  in the 1500s, the germs they brought killed many
  Native Americans.

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MISSISSIPPIAN MOUNDS
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MISSISSIPPIAN VILLAGES
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MISSISSIPPIAN FARMING
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MISSISSIPPIAN ART
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SS8H1a
How did the Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and
Mississippian cultures change over time?
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WARM SEPTEMBER 9
ESSENTIAL QUESTION PAGE 7
SS8H1b What impact did Hernando de Soto and
Spanish missions have on Native Americans?
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SS8H1b Evaluate the impact of European
contact on Native American cultures include
Spanish missions along the barrier islands, and
the explorations of Hernando DeSoto.

• Concepts
• Individuals and Groups
• Conflict Change
• Movement Migration

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SS8H1b
What impact did Hernando de Soto and Spanish
missions have on Native Americans?
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The student will understand that the actions of
Individuals and Groups affect society through
intended and unintended consequences.What are
some groups in the world today?Who is Hernando
de Soto? How did the actions of Spanish
conquistadors affect Mississippian society? What
were the consequences?

• Individuals and Groups

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The student will understand that the movement
or migration of people, goods, and ideas affects
all societies involved.If you moved to Saudi
Arabia, how would it affect your life? Ever
wonder who invented chocolate and where it comes
from? How did European explorers and settlers
influence the society of Native Americans?

• Movement / Migration

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The student will understand that when there is
conflict between or within societies, change is
the result.What are some examples of conflict
and change that you have witnessed in your life?
How did the interaction between Europeans and
Native Americans become a conflict? How did life
for both Europeans and Native Americans change?

• CONFLICT CHANGE

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TURN TO PAGE 42 IN YOUR
TEXTBOOK
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TURN TO PAGE 38 - 39 IN YOUR
COACHBOOK
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Hernando de Soto A Spanish born explorer and
first European to set foot in Georgia landed in
present-day Tampa Bay, Florida, in 1539. De Soto
led 600 conquistadors through the southeast
region of North America in search of gold. He
passed through the Georgia area in 1540. Why
did his expedition fail? He did NOT find the
gold he was looking for and died of illness near
the Mississippi River. He often tortured,
enslaved, and killed Native Americans along his
path. The diseases left behind by Europeans
destroyed much of the Mississippian culture.
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According to the De Soto map on the left, is it
possible that Hernando and his conquistadors
traveled through Paulding County?
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Conflict and Change
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HERNANDO de SOTOANTAGONIST or HERO?
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CONFLICT and CHANGE

• What were de Sotos negative actions?

• How did life for Native Americans change after
  de Soto arrived?

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WARM SEPTEMBER 10
ESSENTIAL QUESTION PAGE 8
SS8H1b What impact did Spanish missions have on
Native Americans?
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SS8H1b
What impact did Spanish missions have on Native
Americans?
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SS8H1b Evaluate the impact of European
contact on Native American cultures include
Spanish missions along the barrier islands, and
the explorations of Hernando DeSoto.

• Concepts
• Individuals and Groups
• Conflict Change
• Movement Migration

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THE ART OF CARTOGRAPHY THEN AND NOW
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MOVEMENT and MIGRATION

• Why did Spain build missions on Georgias barrier
  islands?

• How did the missions impact the Native Americans
  both positively and negatively?

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WHY WERE SPANISH MISSIONS BUILT ALONG THE BARRIER
ISLANDS IN GEORGIA?
1 CONVERT THE NATIVE AMERICANS TO
CHRISTIANITY 2 PROTECT SPAINS LAND FROM
FRENCH SETTLEMENT 3 SETTLE AND COLONIZE THE
REGION FOR RESOURCES 4 ENSLAVE NATIVE AMERICANS
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SS8H1c Explain reasons for European
exploration and settlement of North America, with
emphasis on the interests of the French, Spanish,
and British in the southeastern area.

• Concepts
• Movement / Migration
• Conflict and Change

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WARM SEPTEMBER 13
ESSENTIAL QUESTION PAGE 9
SS8H1c A Native American once asked, Why did the
white man come to our lands?
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• According to the map of the New World, which
  country
• did NOT explore or colonize any part of North
  America?
• France
• Portugal
• England
• D. Spain

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SS8H1c
A Native American once asked, Why did the white
man come to our lands? EUROPEAN COLONIZATION OF
NORTH AMERICA SPAIN FRANCE ENGLAND
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REASONS FOR EXPLORING AND COLONIZING THE
SOUTHEAST REGION OF NORTH AMERICA
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REASONS FOR COLONIZING NORTH AMERICA

• SPANISH MISSIONS CATHOLIC BRANCH OF
  CHRISTIANITY
• DEFEATED BY ENGLAND -1588
• COLONIZE FLORIDA TO SOUTH AMERICA

• FOCUS ON FUR TRADE
• RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
• SETTLE THE INTERIOR MISSISSIPPI REGION AND
  CANADA

• PROTESTANT BRANCH OF CHRISTIANITY
• SETTLE THE ATLANTIC COAST NORTH OF FLORIDA

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• tnhistoryforkids.org
• Wikimedia.org
• Learnnc.org
• Spvocation.org