Evolution...

1
Evolution...

• change
• over
• time.

2
Adaptation...

• an trait that increases the chance for survival
  in an environment. More likely with a large gene
  pool (variety of traits).

3
Evolution...

• change
• over
• time.

4
Estimated Ages

• Earth 5-7 billion years
• Life 3-4 billion years
• Diversity of Life (many species) 570 million
  years

5
What is a Fossil?

• The remains of a once living organism. Its
  really just minerals (rock) that has
  replaced the cell materials.

6
Plants can fossilize!
7
Jurassic Park!!!
Fossilized in amber
8
Radioactive Dating

• Measuring the amount of radiation in fossils
  tells us how old they are.

9
Other Aging Tools
Today

• Sedimentary layers- the older the fossil, the
  deeper in the ground.

1 m.y.a.
2 m.y.a.
3 m.y.a.
4 m.y.a.
10
Sedimentary Layers
11
Other Aging Tools

• Comparative Studies
• - Anatomy
• - Embryology
• - Biochemistry

12
Evolution...

• change
• over
• time.

13
Adaptation...

• an trait that increases the chance for survival
  in an environment. More likely with a large gene
  pool (variety of traits).

14
Adaptations allow a species to survive a changing
environment. If the changes become too great,
the species may become extinct.
15
Species- a group of organisms that can naturally
interbreed with each other.
16
Members of a species may be born with a ...

• Mutation- a genetic change

17
Sometimes those mutations are an adaptation and
allow the individual to survive.
18
The surviving individual(s) usually reproduce
others like them.
19
Those individuals without the mutation tend to
die off.
20
Over a very long period of time, the entire
species can change to have the adapted mutation.
21
(No Transcript)
22
An isolated gene pool within a species may evolve
so much that it is no longer able to mate with
its old species.
Millions of
Years
23
Human Evolution

• We have fossils of our own species(homo sapiens)
  dating back 100,000 years. Fossils of close
  relatives date back some 2 million years.

24
Human Evolution

• Australopithecus africans- 2 m.y.a. Ape-like,
  but bipedal locomotion.
• Homo habilus- 1.8 m.y.a. Handy with tools.

25
Human Evolution

• Homo Erectus- 0.5 m.y.a. Thought to be first
  erect mammals. Wrong!
• - Java Man
• - Peking Man

26
Human Evolution

• Homo sapiens
• - Neanderthal Man- 100,000 y.a. Short,
  tough hunters.

27

• Homo sapiens(cont.)
• - Cro-Magnon- 50,000 y.a. Hunters and artists.
  Cave paintings.
• - Modern humans- 10,000 y.a. (us)

28
Evolution...

• change
• over
• time.

29
Explain Evolution!!

• ???

30
1859 ...And the winner is

• A British
• naturalist
• by the
• name of
• Charles Darwin
• explained
• Evolution

31
Who is Charles Darwin?
- Proposed theory to explain evolution - Theory
called Natural Selection
32
Darwin How it all started

• Darwin was recommended as a naturalist to Captain
  Robert Fitzroy of the H.S.S Beagle
• Two year voyage to chart the coastline of South
  America

Movie
33
Sailing the Seasfor five years!
34
Galapagos Islands
35
Darwins theory of Natural Selection

• Adaptations are created by genetic mutation, and
  those good mutations are then passed on to
  offspring causing a species to gradually change.

36
1920s Scopes Monkey Trial

• Met by a new challenger, organized
  religion and the creation theory.

37
Creation Theories

• A force other than the natural laws of science
  causes evolution to occur.

38

• A creation theory may take many forms Organized
  religions (Christianity, Buddhism, Muslim, etc.)
  or just a personal belief.

39
Today- 2014

• Both creationism and natural selection remain
  popular theories to explain why and how nature
  has changed. Many people combine both theories!

40
What do you think??
?
41
Evolution....

• a slow gradual process that ... well, evolves!