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Evolution

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Evolution Coevolution Transitional Species The Whale: How it has evolved Adaptations * Layers, distribution of fossils in layers-layers close together (organisms look ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Evolution


1
Evolution
2
Biogenesis vs. Spontaneous Generation
  • 1620s Redi-Italian Scientist set forth to prove
    Spontaneous Generation WRONG! People did not
    buy into itwhy?

3
Finally.Spontaneous Generation is Busted
  • Pasteur-French 1820s

4
Life on Earth
Miller and Urey-1950s America
5
Fossils Interest in 1800s
6
Cuvier and Lyell- after studying rock layers,
came up with these conclusions
  • George Cuvier-1800, Europe, since organisms in
    rock layers spontaneously go extinct,
    catastrophes must shape the way organisms evolve.
  • Charles Lyell-1850s-Europe, organisms change and
    evolve from changing geological process that have
    been around since the beginning of time. Slow,
    steady changes, NOT sudden catastrophes have
    shaped earth and its organisms. Idea of
    uniformitarianism.

7
Lamarck-early 1800s
8
Charles Darwin 1850s
  • Interested in science
  • Read about Lyell's thoughts
  • descent with modification-organisms came from a
    common ancestor and was changed or modified with
    time turning into a different organism
  • Sailed the Beagle to collect evidence of his
    theory
  • Journal was made into a book called, the Origin
    of Species

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Set to prove his theory of Descent with
ModificationDarwins Journey on the Beagle
1830s
12
Galapagos Finches
13
Galapagos Turtles
14
Natural Selection with the White-Peppered Moths
1800s England
15
Natural Selection
  • Caused descent with modification evolution
    because of 4 main factors

16
4 factors
  • Overproduction
  • genetic variation
  • struggle to survive
  • differential reproduction

17
4 factors that lead to Natural Selection
  • 1. Overproduction-better chance of survival with
    the production of more offspring, because
    eventually the environment will reach a carrying
    capacity.
  • 2. Genetic Variation-different genes produce
    different traits which may be more favorable in a
    certain environment
  • 3. Struggle to Survive Organisms must compete
    for survival, food, resources, space, genes
    (adaptations).
  • 4. Differential Reproduction-Organisms with the
    best adaptations are more likely to survive,
    therefore they evolve

18
Thomas Malthus
  • Late 1700s-Proposed that populations increase
    faster than food supplies. Thus, populations are
    always limited by conditions such as war,
    disease, lack of food.
  • What does this mean for the human population?
    Have we reached our carrying capacity? Do we
    have any of these factors limiting our population
    today?

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20
  • http//www.worldometers.info/world-population/

21
Evidence of Evolution
  • Fossils-age and distribution
  • Transitional Species
  • Biogeography
  • Anatomy-homologous structures
  • Embryology
  • Biological Molecules

22
Fossils in close proximity are alike, fossils far
away are different
23
Transitional species
24
Biogeography
  • Study of the locations of organisms around the
    world
  • Marsupials are only in Australia, however, they
    look like moles, wolves, catsthey must have
    evolved separately

25
AnatomyHomologous structures-shows a relationship
26
Anatomy Analogous structures do not show a
relationship
27
Embryology
28
Vestigial Structures
29
Biomolecules such as DNA
30
Phylogeny
31
Evolution in action
  • Adaptive radiation-A new population to a new
    environment, changing rapidly to adapt to its new
    surroundings (CA Salamander)
  • Convergent evolution-different species evolve
    similar traits to best suit its environment
    (whale, dolphin and shark are unrelated but share
    similar characteristics)
  • Divergent evolution-when descendents from a
    common ancestor diversify into different species
    that fit a different environment.

32
CA Salamander
33
Selective breeding
34
Coevolution
35
Transitional Species
The Whale How it has evolved
36
Adaptations
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