Evolution of Electronics Engineering

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EST 130, Part B, Basic Electronics Engineering

• CEC

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Coverage

• Definition and Evolution of Electronics.
• Passive and Active Devices.
• Basic Electronic Circuits.
• Public Address System.
• Instrumentation System.
• Analog Communication Systems.
• Cellular Communication Systems.

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Evolution of Electronics

• CEC

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Contents

• Meaning of Electronics.
• Milestones/History of Development.
• Impact.
• Applications.
• Classifying Electronic Components.

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Electronics

• Electronics - Electron Mechanics.
• Branch of science dealing with flow of electrons
  and their effects in materials such as vaccum,
  gas and semiconductors.
• Concerned with design, fabrication and operation
  of electronic circuits, devices and systems.
• Deals with low ranges of voltage, current and
  power (millivolts/milliwatts etc.)

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Electronics

• Offshoot of electrical engineering.
• Capable of controlling of higher range of
  voltage, current and power.
• Wide applications in communication,
  instrumentation, defence, education, industry,
  entertainment etc.
• Making life simpler and easier consumer
  electronics.

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Evolution of Electronics

• Edison Effect Thomas Alva Edison (1883),
  Electron flow from one metal conductor to another
  through vacuum.
• Vacuum Diode John Fleming (1904), Edison Effect
  through two element electron tube.
• Vacuum Triode Lee Dee Forest (1906), triggered
  development of electronics.

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Evolution of Electronics

• Vacuum Tubes used mainly before World War II in
  radio communication, telegraphy, telephony etc.
• Radio invented by Marconi.
• Television Bell Laboratories demonstrated the
  first television (1927).
• Transistor John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and
  William Shockley, Bell Laboratories, (1947).

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Evolution of Electronics

• Transistor - light weight, small size, low
  power, reliable, low cost etc. - disruptive
  technology.
• Demonstration of first colour television
  (1950), TV invented by John Baird.
• Unipolar Field Effect Transistor Schokley
  (1952).
• Silicon Controlled Rectifier Bell Laboratories
  (1956), a new era in power electronics.

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Evolution of Electronics

• Integrated Circuit Idea by Jack Kilby (1958),
  large number of components integrated into a
  single chip, beginning of microelectronics
  revolution.
• Advancements in chip fabrication Small Scale
  Integration (SSI), Medium Scale Integration
  (MSI), Large Scale Integration (LSI), Very Large
  Scale Integration (VLSI) and Ultra Large Scale
  Integration (ULSI) low power, more efficient
  electronic devices.

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Generations of Microelectronics

Generation V, 1995, gt 1million transistors/chip.
ULSI
Early 1960s, lt 100 transistors/chip.
SSI
Generation IV, 1975, 10,000 - 1million
transistor/chip.
VLSI
Generation III, 1958.
1969, 1000 10,000 transistors/chip
ICs
LSI
Generation II, 1947.
1966, 100 - 1000 transistors/chip.
MSI
Transistors
Vacuum Tubes
Generation I, Early 1900s.
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Evolution of Electronics

• Four bit Microprocessor (1971), Intel 4004.
• Eight Bit Microprocessor (1972).
• Gigabit Memory chip (1995).
• Nanoelectronics in action.

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Applications

• In Industry Automatic Control Systems, Quality
  Control of Materials, Automation, Robotics,
  Measurements/measuring instruments, in chemical
  and explosives industries, automobile, textile
  manufacturing and rubber industries etc.
• Communication Entertainment Telegraphy,
  Telephony, Radio, Television, Music Players,
  Mobile Communication, Internetworking, Video
  Conferencing and Wireless Communications.

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Applications

• Medical Electronics ECG, EEG, EMG, MRI, Laser
  Applications in Medicine, Computer Tomography,
  X-Ray, Ultrasound and Nuclear Imaging, Pace
  Maker, Positron Emission Technology,
  Telemedicine, Other Medical Diagnostic
  Instruments, Assistive Devices.
• Military RADAR, SONAR, LIDAR etc.

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Applications

• Instrumentation Multimeter, CRO, Power
  Supplies, Signal Generators, Signal Conditioners
  and Other Measuring Instruments, Law Enforcement
  and Security Systems, Identification / Identity
  Verification Instruments, Air Traffic Control
  etc.
• Household and Cooking Induction Cooking,
  Microwave Oven, Pump Control, Washing Machines
  etc.

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Electronic Components

Electronic Components
Electro-Mechanical
Passive
Active
Eg Diodes, Transistors, FETS, Thyristors, ICs.
Can amplify signals
Eg Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors. Cannot
amplify signals
Eg Relays, Actuators. Used as switches.
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Thank You