Chapter 8: lesson 3

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Chapter 8 lesson 3
The War in the North
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Washingtons First Battles
Continental Army
British Army

• Not large nor strong

• Larger and stronger

• Soldiers were fighting on home ground

• Better training and weapons

• Could use their knowledge of the land to plan
  attacks

• They had a cause that everyone believed in

• They also had George Washington

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Fighting Continues

• The British did not give up

• Spring of 1776, soldiers forced British out of
  Boston

• Washington retreated

• August of 1776, the British defeated the
  Continental Army in the Battle of Long Island,
  near New York City

• Washington sent Nathan Hale to spy behind enemy
  lines, he was caught and hanged.

• Washington only had about 3,000 soldiers left. He
  knew he could stop the British, if he could keep
  his soldiers together.

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Nathan Hale

• http//pptkids.org/index-20061103.php

I only regret that I have but one life to lose
for my country
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Victory at Trenton

• Washington planned a surprise attack on the enemy
  in Trenton, New Jersey

• The soldiers fighting for the British in Trenton
  were German mercenaries (paid soldiers).

• Washington planned his attack on the night of
  December 25, 1776 because he knew the soldiers
  would be celebrating Christmas

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Victory at Trenton

• Washingtons soldiers rowed
• across the icy Delaware River during the night

• They caught the soldiers by surprise and took
  about 1,000 prisoners.

• One soldier, James Monroe, was injured
• during the Battle of Trenton. He later
• became the 5th president of the United
• States.

• Drums were used not only as soldiers
• marched into battle, but also to issue
• commands during battle.

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A Turning Point

• In June 1777, led by General John Burgoyne, the
  British started attacking from Canada.
• A Polish engineer,
• Thaddeus Kosciuszko,
• helped the Continental Army
• by building a long wall of earth
• and logs on a hill so they could
• hide behind it.
• Benedict Arnold led many
• attacks against Britain
• and forced Burgoyne to
• surrender.

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Other Countries Help

• After the British defeat at the Battle of
  Saratoga, the French were convinced the Americans
  could win the war, so they sent money, soldiers,
  and a powerful navy to help.
• Before the French officially became involved, a
  French soldier, Marquis de Lafayette, joined
  Washingtons army. He was only 19 years old.
• Later, Spain, the Netherlands, and Russia also
  joined the fight against Britain.

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Valley Forge

• During the winter of 1777, the British settled in
  the homes of the conquered Philadelphia,
  Pennsylvania.
• Washingtons soldiers had to set up camp 20 miles
  away in Valley Forge.
• The soldiers slept in tents or
• on the frozen ground.
• Food was scarce. Most of
• the soldiers were barefoot.
• Many soldiers died of
• disease.

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A Stronger Continental Army

• When spring came, a German
• soldier, Baron Friedrich von
• Steuben, joined the army.
• Von Steuben taught the Americans to march
  together and to use their weapons correctly.
• After their training, the American Army was ready
  for their next battle against the British.

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Lesson 3 vocabulary
victory

• The defeat of an enemy
• To move back when an
• enemy attacks
• A soldier who is paid to
• fight
• A map that uses symbols to show how a battle was
  fought

retreat
mercenary
Battle map
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Vocabulary Review

• The crime of fighting against ones
• own government
• Freedom from being ruled by
• someone else
• Freedoms that are protected
• by law
• A statement that declares, or
• announces, an idea

treason
independence
rights
declaration
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Vocabulary Review
neutral

• Not taking sides
• Someone who was still
• loyal to the king
• A rise in prices

Loyalist
inflation