The Respiratory System

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The Respiratory System
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• Overview

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Respiratory System

• Function exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
  with its environment.
• Structures nose, passageways, lungs, diaphragm.

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Types of Respiration

• 1. External Respiration- occurs in the lungs,
  exchange of gases between the air and your lungs.
  (alveoli)
• Internal Respiration- exchange of gases between
  the blood and body cells.
• Cellular Respiration- production of ATP (energy)
  in cells.

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Taking a Breath
-CPR works because we dont ONLY exhale Carbon
Dioxide. We exhale a good amount of Oxygen as
well.

• -Inspiration process of inhaling air
• Nitrogen 78
• Oxygen 21
• Carbon Dioxide .03
• Other gases .97
• -Expiration process of exhaling air
• Nitrogen 78
• Oxygen 16.54
• Carbon Dioxide 4.49
• Other gases .97

-Lungs have a total capacity of approx 4-5
liters -You normally inhale approx .5
Liters -Exhaling, you have a residual volume of
air left in your lungs of about1 Liter
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Nose
Nose contains small hairs that filter
particulates. Nasal Cavity contain cilia that
act as an additional filter of the incoming air.
Also contains mucous that protects tissues,
warms, and moistens the air. Pharynx passageway
leading to the trachea (contains 2 passageways
for food and air)
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Nose
Epiglottis keeps food from entering the
trachea. Larynx voice box, vocal cords, Adams
Apple. Trachea (windpipe) leads to the bronchi
tubes, made of cartilage. Mucous and cilia
lined.
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Nose
Bronchus 2 tubes that split off from the
trachea, each lead to lung. Mucous and cilia
lined. Bronchioles branchlike extensions of the
main bronchi. Alveoli sacs in lungs where oxygen
and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion
between air and blood (capillaries). Hemoglobin
(protein) carries oxygen and carbon
dioxide. Diaphragm muscle separating the
thoracic from the abdominal cavities.
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Respiratory Structures

• -Nose contains small hairs that filter
  particulates.
• -Nasal Cavities contain cilia mucous.
• -Pharynx back of the throat splits into the
  trachea and the esophagus.

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• -Epiglottis keeps food from entering the
  trachea.
• -Larynx voice box, vocal cords, Adams Apple.
• -Trachea (windpipe) leads to the bronchi tubes,
  made of cartilage. Mucous and cilia lined.
• -Bronchi Tubes two tubes that split off from the
  trachea, each one leads to lung. Mucous and cilia
  lined.

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Into the Lungs

• -Bronchioles branchlike extensions of the main
  bronchi.
• -Alveoli sacs in lungs where oxygen and carbon
  dioxide are exchanged by diffusion between the
  air and the blood. (capillaries)

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• Yawning Hiccups

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Respiration Control

• -Involuntary response.
• -Controlled by the brain and brain stem.
• -Receptors in the medulla oblongata measure
  carbon dioxide levels.
• -Receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries
  measure oxygen levels.

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Diseases Conditions

• -Asthma contraction of the bronchioles due to an
  allergic reaction.
• -Bronchitis bacterial infection in the
  bronchioles.
• -Emphysema rupturing of the alveoli (smoking).
• -Pneumonia virus and bacterial infection
  (severe).
• -Lung Cancer