Title: ???0?1?????? (bit),?????????????????????????? (binary system) ?
1??????
22-1 ???????
- 0?1????????,??????,????????
- ???0?1?????? (bit),??????????????????????????
(binary system) ?
3?? ???? ??
??? (byte) 8?? B
?? (word) 16?? W
??? (double word ) 32?? DW
??? (quad word) 64?? QW
4?? ?? ??? ???
???? (kilobyte) KB 210Bytes 103Bytes
????? (megabyte) MB 220Bytes 106Bytes
????? (gigabyte) GB 230Bytes 109Bytes
???? (terabyte) TB 240Bytes 1012Bytes
????? (petabyte) PB 250Bytes 1015Bytes
????? (exabyte) EB 260Bytes 1018Bytes
5- ???????????bps???,??????????????
- ??????Kbps ?Mbps ?Gbps ???,???????1,024
(210)?1,048,576 (220)?1,073,741,824 (230)
??,?????????1? (103)?1?? (106)?10? (109) ???
62-2 ????
- ??????K???????N???????????
- N????NK (dp-1dp-2d1d0.d-1d-2d-q)K
7- ????,12345.67810????????,??????????????
- 12345.67810 1 x 104 2 x 103 3 x 102
- 4 x 101 5 x 100 6 x 10-1
- 7 x 10-2 8 x 10-3
- 1101010.112????????,??????????????
- 1101010.112 1 x 26 1 x 25 0 x 24
- 1 x 23 0 x 22 1 x 21
- 0 x 20 1 x 2-1 1 x 2-2
8- 1234.5678????????,??????????????
- 1234.5678 1 x 83 2 x 82 3 x 81 4 x 80
- 5 x 8-1 6 x 8-2 7 x 8-3
- 56789A.BC16?????????,??????????????
- 56789A.BC16 5 x 165 6 x 164 7 x 163
- 8 x 162 9 x 161 10 x 160
- 11 x 16-1 12 x 16-2
92-2-1 ?????
- ????? (binary system) ??0?1?????????????
- ??????,??????????1000??????8??10002?810 (???10002
810)?
102-2-2 ?????
- ????? (octal system) ??0?1?2 7?????????????
- ??78????????????????????,??????? (810)
??????108,??????????118 (910)?128 (1010)?...178
(1510)?208 (1610)?218 (1710)?...278 (2310)?308
(2410)?318 (2510)?...378 (3110)?408 (3210)?...778
(6310),??778??????????????????,??????? (6410)
??????1008,????????
112-2-3 ??????
- ?????? (hexadecimal system) ??0?1?2
9?A?B?C?D?E?F?????????????? - ??F16 (1510) ?????????????????????,??????? (1610)
??????1016,??????????1116 (1710)?1216
(1810)?...1916 (2510)?1A16 (2610)?1B16
(2710)?...1F16 (3110)?2016 (3210)? 2116
(3310)?...2F16 (4710)?3016 (4810)?3116
(4910)?3F16 (6310)?...FF16 (25510),??FF16????????
???????????,??????? (25610) ??????10016,????????
12 132-2-4 ???????????????????
- 5621.7810 (5 x 1000) (6 x 100) (2 x 10)
- (1 x 1) (7 x 0.1) (8 x 0.01)
(5 x 103) (6 x 102) (2 x 101) - (1 x 100) (7 x 10-1) (8 x 10-2)
14- 51763.28 (5 x 84) (1 x 83) (7 x 82)
- (6 x 81) (3 x 80) (2 x 8-1)
- (5 x 4096) (1 x 512) (7 x 64)
- (6 x 8) (3 x 1) (2 x 0.125)
2048010 51210 44810 4810 - 310 0.2510 21491.2510
15- F2A9.C16 (F x 163) (2 x 162) (A x 161)
- (9 x 160) (C x 16-1)
- (15 x 4096) (2 x 256) (10 x 16)
- (9 x 1) (12 x 0.0625)
- 6144010 51210 16010
- 910 0.7510
- 62121.7510
16- 10110.00112 (1 x 24) (0 x 23) (1 x 22)
- (1 x 21) (0 x 20) (0 x 2-1)
- (0 x 2-2) (1 2-3) (1 2-4)
- (1 x 16) (0 x 8) (1 x 4)
- (1 x 2) (0 x 1) (0 x 0.5)
- (0 x 0.25) (1 x 0.125)
- (1x 0.0625)
- 1610 410 210 0.12510
0.062510 22.187510
172-2-5 ???????????????????
- ??????59.7510????????
- (1) 59.7510 5910 0.7510
- (2) ?????????????
- 2 59 1 (59??2???)
- 2 29 1 (29??2???)
- 2 14 0 (14??2???)
- 2 7 1 (7??2???)
- 2 3 1 (3??2???)
- 1 1 (??????)?????????,??????????
5910 1110112
18- (3)?????????????
- 0.75 ????????2 x 2
- ???????? 1.50 0.50
????????2 x 2 - ???????? 1.00 ??????0???
- ??????2??????????0.7510 0.112
- (4)?????????????????????59.7510
- 111011.112
19- ??????5176.312510????????
- (1)5176.312510 517610 0.312510
- (2)?????????????
-
- 8 5176 0 (5176??8???)
- 8 647 7 (647??8???)
- 8 80 0 (80??8???)
- 8 10 2 (10??8???)
- 1 1 (??????)
- ?????????,??????????517610 120708
20 0.3125
????????8 x 8 ????????
2.5000 0.5000 ????????8
x 8 ???????? 4.0000
??????8??????????0.312510 0.248 (4)
???????????????????,?? 5176.312510
12070.248?
21- ??????4877.610?????????
- (1)4877.610 487710 0.610
- (2)??????????????
- 16 4877 13 (4877??16???)
- 16 304 0 (304??16???)
- 16 19 3 (19??16???)
- 1 1 (??????)
- ?????????,??????????487710 130D8
22- (3)??????????????
- 0.6 ????????16
- x 16
- ???????? 9.6
- 0.6 ??????? (??
?????????) - ??????16????????,??0.610 0.916
- (4)????????????????????,??
- 4877.610 130D.916
232-2-6 ?????????????????
5 7 6 2. 1 38 101 111 110 010. 001 0112
E 8 C 4. B16 1110 1000 1100 0100. 10112
242-2-7 ?????????????????
011 010 111.101 1002 3 2 7. 5 48
???????????,????? ??????0
???????????,????? ??????0
25- 0010 1101 0111 1010. 1111 00102 2 D 7 A. F
216 -
- ???????????,??????
- ?????0
- ???????????,??????
- ?????0
262-3 ?????
- 2-3-1 ?????
- ????n?????????,???????? (MSD) ????????,0????,1???
?,???n - 1???????????,???????0 2n-1-1,???????
-(2n-1-1) 0?
27- 2-3-2 1s??
- ????n?????????,???????? (MSD) ????????,0????,1????
,???n - 1???????????,???????0 2n-1-1,???????
-(2n-1-1) 0? - 1s????????????????,???????????,???????????????0??
1,??1??0,????????????????????????
28- 2-3-3 2s??
- ????n?????????,???????? (MSD) ????????,0????,1????
,???n - 1???????????,???????0 2n-1-1,???????
-2n-1 0? - 2s???????????????1s????,???????????,????????????
???0??1,??1??0,?????????????1,??????????????
29??? ????? 1s?? 2s?? ??? ????? 1s?? 2s??
8 ? ? ? -8 ? ? 1000
7 0111 0111 0111 -7 1111 1000 1001
6 0110 0110 0110 -6 1110 1001 1010
5 0101 0101 0101 -5 1101 1010 1011
4 0100 0100 0100 -4 1100 1011 1100
3 0011 0011 0011 -3 1011 1100 1101
2 0010 0010 0010 -2 1010 1101 1110
1 0001 0001 0001 -1 1001 1110 1111
0 0000 0000 0000 -0 1000 1111 0000
?2.4?????????? ?2.4?????????? ?2.4?????????? ?2.4?????????? ?2.4?????????? ?2.4?????????? ?2.4?????????? ?2.4??????????
30?????
- (K - 1)s????NK??????? (K - 1) ?????,????NK? (K
- 1)s??? ((K - 1 - dp-1)(K - 1 - dp-2)(K - 1 -
d1)(K - 1 - d0).(K -1 - d-1)(K - 1 -
d-q))K??,???????? (Kp -K-q) - NK? - Ks?????NK? (K - 1)s??,???K-q,??? ((K - 1 -
dp-1)(K - 1 - dp-2)(K - 1 - d1)(K - 1 - d0).(K
-1 - d-1)(K - 1 - d-q))K K-q??,???????? Kp -
NK?
312-4 ??????
- 2-4-1 ??
- ??1110102 110112
- (1) 00111010 00011011
- (2) 1 00111010
00011011 01
32- (3) 1 00111010
00011011 0101 - (4) 1 00111010
00011011 10101
33- (5) 1 00111010
00011011 010101 - (6) 00111010 00011011
01010101
34- 2-4-2 ??
- (1) 00001010 - 00000011
- (2) -1 00001010
- 00000011 1
35- (3) -1 00001010
- 00000011 11 - (4) -1 00001010
- 00000011 111
36- (5) 00001010 - 00000011
00000111
37- 2-4-3 ??
- ??11012 x 10112
- 1101
x 1011 1101
1101 0000
1101 10011111
38- 2-4-4 ??
- ??111010012 10012
-
392-5 ????
40 41 42 43 44 45- 2-5-7 ???
- ????? (reflected gray codes) ??
Gn1 0Gn, 1Gnref ,G1 0, 1,n gt 1
46(No Transcript)
47- ????????BnBn-1B1?????
- ???GnGn-1G1,????????
48- ????????GnGn-1G1?????
- ???BnBn-1B1,????????
492-6 ??????
- ???? (sign bit)
- ???? (biased exponent)
- ?? (mantissa)??? (fraction)
502-7 ?????
- ASCII ?????????????,??7?????????,???????,ASCII????
??????????????? - ????????,??BIG5 (??????)?????CCCII?,?BIG5????,??16
??????????,?????????GB????
51- EBCDIC?ASCII-8???8?????????,?256????
- ?????????????Unicode,????16?????????,????216
(65,536) ???,?128??????ACSII???
52(No Transcript)
532-8 ?????
- 2-8-1 ???
- ???????????????,????????? (pixel),????,??????,????
??? - ??????????????????,??????1??,?0?1????????
54- ??????????????? (R)?? (G)?? (B)
??????????,??????3???,???? (R)?? (G)?? (B) ??????
(0 255)?
552-8-2 ???
- ?????????? (Bezier) ??????????,??????????????????
?,????????????????????????
??????????
562-9 ?????
- ??????????? (analog) ??,???????0?1??? (digital)
??,??,??????????????,????????
572-10 ????
- ???????????????????,????????,?????????
- ????????????????? (run length encoding)?????
(Huffman code)?Lempel-Ziv????
58- ???? (lossy compression)?????????????????????,???
???????????????,????????????????,??JPEG?GIF???????
????,MPEG????????,MP3?????????
592-10-1 ??????
602-10-2 ????
- ??????????,????????????????
- ??????
- ????????????
- ??????????????????
- ????2????????????,????????????
- ???????????0?1,???????? ?
61- ????????A?B?C?D?E?F???,????????0.2?0.15?0.3?0.18?0
.05?0.12,??????????????????
622-11 ???????
- ???? (inherent error)
- ???? (round-off error)
632-11-1 ??????
- ???????????,????????? (???????),??????,???????????
,???????????1????1? - ???????????????
642-11-2 ????? (CRC)
- ???????????????????,?????????????????,???????????
??,??????? (?CRC?) ????????????????
65- ???????110010101110,??????X3 1
(1001),???CRC????CRC??????? - ???????X3 1 (1001) ????3,???????110010101110????
???0,??????110010101110000?
66- ??????110010101110000???????X3 1 (1001) ???
- CRC????11,??????11001010111011?
672-11-3 ????? (ECC)
- ???????????????D?,????????????D -
1?,?????????,????????????? (D - 1) /
2?,??????????
682-11-4 ?????
- ???0100001101??,????????????
- ????2????? (1?2?4?8) ?????,?????
?? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
? H1 H2 0 H3 1 0 0 H4 0 0 1 1 0 1
69- ????????1??????????,????0?????0,???,??5??1,???0101
,??6??0,???0000,???
?? ?????
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0 0 0 H1 0 0 H2 0 0 0 0 0 0 H3 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
Exclusive OR 0 0 0 0
70- ??????????XOR????????0,?H1???0??,H2???0H3???1H4
???1????????????00011001001101?