???0?1?????? (bit),?????????????????????????? (binary system) ? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 70
About This Presentation
Title:

???0?1?????? (bit),?????????????????????????? (binary system) ?

Description:

Title: Author: Jean Last modified by: Jean Created Date: 3/20/2004 4:37:55 AM Document presentation format: Company – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:71
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 71
Provided by: Jean3186
Category:
Tags: binary | bit | lempel | system

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: ???0?1?????? (bit),?????????????????????????? (binary system) ?


1
??????
  • ?2? ??????????

2
2-1 ???????
  • 0?1????????,??????,????????
  • ???0?1?????? (bit),??????????????????????????
    (binary system) ?

3
?? ???? ??
??? (byte) 8?? B
?? (word) 16?? W
??? (double word ) 32?? DW
??? (quad word) 64?? QW
4
?? ?? ??? ???
???? (kilobyte) KB 210Bytes 103Bytes
????? (megabyte) MB 220Bytes 106Bytes
????? (gigabyte) GB 230Bytes 109Bytes
???? (terabyte) TB 240Bytes 1012Bytes
????? (petabyte) PB 250Bytes 1015Bytes
????? (exabyte) EB 260Bytes 1018Bytes
5
  • ???????????bps???,??????????????
  • ??????Kbps ?Mbps ?Gbps ???,???????1,024
    (210)?1,048,576 (220)?1,073,741,824 (230)
    ??,?????????1? (103)?1?? (106)?10? (109) ???

6
2-2 ????
  • ??????K???????N???????????
  • N????NK (dp-1dp-2d1d0.d-1d-2d-q)K

7
  • ????,12345.67810????????,??????????????
  • 12345.67810 1 x 104 2 x 103 3 x 102
  • 4 x 101 5 x 100 6 x 10-1
  • 7 x 10-2 8 x 10-3
  • 1101010.112????????,??????????????
  • 1101010.112 1 x 26 1 x 25 0 x 24
  • 1 x 23 0 x 22 1 x 21
  • 0 x 20 1 x 2-1 1 x 2-2

8
  • 1234.5678????????,??????????????
  • 1234.5678 1 x 83 2 x 82 3 x 81 4 x 80
  • 5 x 8-1 6 x 8-2 7 x 8-3
  • 56789A.BC16?????????,??????????????
  • 56789A.BC16 5 x 165 6 x 164 7 x 163
  • 8 x 162 9 x 161 10 x 160
  • 11 x 16-1 12 x 16-2

9
2-2-1 ?????
  • ????? (binary system) ??0?1?????????????
  • ??????,??????????1000??????8??10002?810 (???10002
    810)?

10
2-2-2 ?????
  • ????? (octal system) ??0?1?2 7?????????????
  • ??78????????????????????,??????? (810)
    ??????108,??????????118 (910)?128 (1010)?...178
    (1510)?208 (1610)?218 (1710)?...278 (2310)?308
    (2410)?318 (2510)?...378 (3110)?408 (3210)?...778
    (6310),??778??????????????????,??????? (6410)
    ??????1008,????????

11
2-2-3 ??????
  • ?????? (hexadecimal system) ??0?1?2
    9?A?B?C?D?E?F??????????????
  • ??F16 (1510) ?????????????????????,??????? (1610)
    ??????1016,??????????1116 (1710)?1216
    (1810)?...1916 (2510)?1A16 (2610)?1B16
    (2710)?...1F16 (3110)?2016 (3210)? 2116
    (3310)?...2F16 (4710)?3016 (4810)?3116
    (4910)?3F16 (6310)?...FF16 (25510),??FF16????????
    ???????????,??????? (25610) ??????10016,????????

12
  • ???????????

13
2-2-4 ???????????????????
  • 5621.7810 (5 x 1000) (6 x 100) (2 x 10)
  • (1 x 1) (7 x 0.1) (8 x 0.01)
    (5 x 103) (6 x 102) (2 x 101)
  • (1 x 100) (7 x 10-1) (8 x 10-2)

14
  • 51763.28 (5 x 84) (1 x 83) (7 x 82)
  • (6 x 81) (3 x 80) (2 x 8-1)
  • (5 x 4096) (1 x 512) (7 x 64)
  • (6 x 8) (3 x 1) (2 x 0.125)
    2048010 51210 44810 4810
  • 310 0.2510 21491.2510

15
  • F2A9.C16 (F x 163) (2 x 162) (A x 161)
  • (9 x 160) (C x 16-1)
  • (15 x 4096) (2 x 256) (10 x 16)
  • (9 x 1) (12 x 0.0625)
  • 6144010 51210 16010
  • 910 0.7510
  • 62121.7510

16
  • 10110.00112 (1 x 24) (0 x 23) (1 x 22)
  • (1 x 21) (0 x 20) (0 x 2-1)
  • (0 x 2-2) (1 2-3) (1 2-4)
  • (1 x 16) (0 x 8) (1 x 4)
  • (1 x 2) (0 x 1) (0 x 0.5)
  • (0 x 0.25) (1 x 0.125)
  • (1x 0.0625)
  • 1610 410 210 0.12510
    0.062510 22.187510

17
2-2-5 ???????????????????
  • ??????59.7510????????
  • (1) 59.7510 5910 0.7510
  • (2) ?????????????
  • 2 59 1 (59??2???)
  • 2 29 1 (29??2???)
  • 2 14 0 (14??2???)
  • 2 7 1 (7??2???)
  • 2 3 1 (3??2???)
  • 1 1 (??????)?????????,??????????
    5910 1110112

18
  • (3)?????????????
  • 0.75 ????????2 x 2
  • ???????? 1.50 0.50
    ????????2 x 2
  • ???????? 1.00 ??????0???
  • ??????2??????????0.7510 0.112
  • (4)?????????????????????59.7510
  • 111011.112

19
  • ??????5176.312510????????
  • (1)5176.312510 517610 0.312510
  • (2)?????????????
  • 8 5176 0 (5176??8???)
  • 8 647 7 (647??8???)
  • 8 80 0 (80??8???)
  • 8 10 2 (10??8???)
  • 1 1 (??????)
  • ?????????,??????????517610 120708

20
  • (3)?????????????

0.3125
????????8 x 8 ????????
2.5000 0.5000 ????????8
x 8 ???????? 4.0000
??????8??????????0.312510 0.248 (4)
???????????????????,?? 5176.312510
12070.248?
21
  • ??????4877.610?????????
  • (1)4877.610 487710 0.610
  • (2)??????????????
  • 16 4877 13 (4877??16???)
  • 16 304 0 (304??16???)
  • 16 19 3 (19??16???)
  • 1 1 (??????)
  • ?????????,??????????487710 130D8

22
  • (3)??????????????
  • 0.6 ????????16
  • x 16
  • ???????? 9.6
  • 0.6 ??????? (??
    ?????????)
  • ??????16????????,??0.610 0.916
  • (4)????????????????????,??
  • 4877.610 130D.916

23
2-2-6 ?????????????????
5 7 6 2. 1 38 101 111 110 010. 001 0112
E 8 C 4. B16 1110 1000 1100 0100. 10112
24
2-2-7 ?????????????????
011 010 111.101 1002 3 2 7. 5 48
???????????,????? ??????0
???????????,????? ??????0
25
  • 0010 1101 0111 1010. 1111 00102 2 D 7 A. F
    216
  • ???????????,??????
  • ?????0
  • ???????????,??????
  • ?????0

26
2-3 ?????
  • 2-3-1 ?????
  • ????n?????????,???????? (MSD) ????????,0????,1???
    ?,???n - 1???????????,???????0 2n-1-1,???????
    -(2n-1-1) 0?

27
  • 2-3-2 1s??
  • ????n?????????,???????? (MSD) ????????,0????,1????
    ,???n - 1???????????,???????0 2n-1-1,???????
    -(2n-1-1) 0?
  • 1s????????????????,???????????,???????????????0??
    1,??1??0,????????????????????????

28
  • 2-3-3 2s??
  • ????n?????????,???????? (MSD) ????????,0????,1????
    ,???n - 1???????????,???????0 2n-1-1,???????
    -2n-1 0?
  • 2s???????????????1s????,???????????,????????????
    ???0??1,??1??0,?????????????1,??????????????

29
??? ????? 1s?? 2s?? ??? ????? 1s?? 2s??
8 ? ? ? -8 ? ? 1000
7 0111 0111 0111 -7 1111 1000 1001
6 0110 0110 0110 -6 1110 1001 1010
5 0101 0101 0101 -5 1101 1010 1011
4 0100 0100 0100 -4 1100 1011 1100
3 0011 0011 0011 -3 1011 1100 1101
2 0010 0010 0010 -2 1010 1101 1110
1 0001 0001 0001 -1 1001 1110 1111
0 0000 0000 0000 -0 1000 1111 0000
?2.4?????????? ?2.4?????????? ?2.4?????????? ?2.4?????????? ?2.4?????????? ?2.4?????????? ?2.4?????????? ?2.4??????????
30
?????
  • (K - 1)s????NK??????? (K - 1) ?????,????NK? (K
    - 1)s??? ((K - 1 - dp-1)(K - 1 - dp-2)(K - 1 -
    d1)(K - 1 - d0).(K -1 - d-1)(K - 1 -
    d-q))K??,???????? (Kp -K-q) - NK?
  • Ks?????NK? (K - 1)s??,???K-q,??? ((K - 1 -
    dp-1)(K - 1 - dp-2)(K - 1 - d1)(K - 1 - d0).(K
    -1 - d-1)(K - 1 - d-q))K K-q??,???????? Kp -
    NK?

31
2-4 ??????
  • 2-4-1 ??
  • ??1110102 110112
  • (1) 00111010 00011011
  • (2) 1 00111010
    00011011 01


32
  • (3) 1 00111010
    00011011 0101
  • (4) 1 00111010
    00011011 10101


33
  • (5) 1 00111010
    00011011 010101
  • (6) 00111010 00011011
    01010101

34
  • 2-4-2 ??
  • (1) 00001010 - 00000011
  • (2) -1 00001010
    - 00000011 1

35
  • (3) -1 00001010
    - 00000011 11
  • (4) -1 00001010
    - 00000011 111

36
  • (5) 00001010 - 00000011
    00000111

37
  • 2-4-3 ??
  • ??11012 x 10112
  • 1101
    x 1011 1101
    1101 0000
    1101 10011111

38
  • 2-4-4 ??
  • ??111010012 10012

39
2-5 ????
  • 2-5-1 BCD?

40
  • 2-5-2 2421?

41
  • 2-5-3 84-2-1?

42
  • 2-5-4 ???

43
  • 2-5-5 ???

44
  • 2-5-6 ????

45
  • 2-5-7 ???
  • ????? (reflected gray codes) ??

Gn1 0Gn, 1Gnref ,G1 0, 1,n gt 1
46
(No Transcript)
47
  • ????????BnBn-1B1?????
  • ???GnGn-1G1,????????

48
  • ????????GnGn-1G1?????
  • ???BnBn-1B1,????????

49
2-6 ??????
  • ???? (sign bit)
  • ???? (biased exponent)
  • ?? (mantissa)??? (fraction)

50
2-7 ?????
  • ASCII ?????????????,??7?????????,???????,ASCII????
    ???????????????
  • ????????,??BIG5 (??????)?????CCCII?,?BIG5????,??16
    ??????????,?????????GB????

51
  • EBCDIC?ASCII-8???8?????????,?256????
  • ?????????????Unicode,????16?????????,????216
    (65,536) ???,?128??????ACSII???

52
(No Transcript)
53
2-8 ?????
  • 2-8-1 ???
  • ???????????????,????????? (pixel),????,??????,????
    ???
  • ??????????????????,??????1??,?0?1????????

54
  • ??????????????? (R)?? (G)?? (B)
    ??????????,??????3???,???? (R)?? (G)?? (B) ??????
    (0 255)?

55
2-8-2 ???
  • ?????????? (Bezier) ??????????,??????????????????
    ?,????????????????????????

??????????
56
2-9 ?????
  • ??????????? (analog) ??,???????0?1??? (digital)
    ??,??,??????????????,????????

57
2-10 ????
  • ???????????????????,????????,?????????
  • ????????????????? (run length encoding)?????
    (Huffman code)?Lempel-Ziv????

58
  • ???? (lossy compression)?????????????????????,???
    ???????????????,????????????????,??JPEG?GIF???????
    ????,MPEG????????,MP3?????????

59
2-10-1 ??????
  • ????????????,??

60
2-10-2 ????
  • ??????????,????????????????
  • ??????
  • ????????????
  • ??????????????????
  • ????2????????????,????????????
  • ???????????0?1,???????? ?

61
  • ????????A?B?C?D?E?F???,????????0.2?0.15?0.3?0.18?0
    .05?0.12,??????????????????

62
2-11 ???????
  • ???? (inherent error)
  • ???? (round-off error)

63
2-11-1 ??????
  • ???????????,????????? (???????),??????,???????????
    ,???????????1????1?
  • ???????????????

64
2-11-2 ????? (CRC)
  • ???????????????????,?????????????????,???????????
    ??,??????? (?CRC?) ????????????????

65
  • ???????110010101110,??????X3 1
    (1001),???CRC????CRC???????
  • ???????X3 1 (1001) ????3,???????110010101110????
    ???0,??????110010101110000?

66
  1. ??????110010101110000???????X3 1 (1001) ???
  2. CRC????11,??????11001010111011?

67
2-11-3 ????? (ECC)
  • ???????????????D?,????????????D -
    1?,?????????,????????????? (D - 1) /
    2?,??????????

68
2-11-4 ?????
  • ???0100001101??,????????????
  • ????2????? (1?2?4?8) ?????,?????

?? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
? H1 H2 0 H3 1 0 0 H4 0 0 1 1 0 1
69
  1. ????????1??????????,????0?????0,???,??5??1,???0101
    ,??6??0,???0000,???

?? ?????
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0 0 0 H1 0 0 H2 0 0 0 0 0 0 H3 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
Exclusive OR 0 0 0 0
70
  1. ??????????XOR????????0,?H1???0??,H2???0H3???1H4
    ???1????????????00011001001101?
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com